ABSTRACT

Although the acute effect of exercise on behavioral cognitive performance is well-documented in the exercise psychology field, a comprehensive evaluation on neuroelectric brain activity that determines healthy cognitive functioning following acute exercise is lacking. This systematic review included 39 studies examining acute exercise effects on P3 of event-related potential through its amplitude and latency, which reflect the amounts of attentional resources allocated to and the processing speed for categorizing a stimulus. Exercise has small effects on increasing amplitude and decreasing latency. The amplitude effect was moderated by age and the type, intensity, and duration of exercise, with a smaller effect being observed for individuals aged ≤18 and 19–35 than >60 years, for high-intensity than moderate-intensity exercise, for high-intensity interval training exercise than aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise, as well as for exercise lasting ≤10 and 11–20 than exercise lasting 21–30 min. The latency effect was moderated by exercise duration, with 11–20 min exercise showing a smaller effect than exercise lasting ≤10 min. These results demonstrated that acute exercise enhances allocation of attentional resources and processing speed needed to implement cognitive processes underlying goal-directed behavior. Further, these effects may be manipulated through targeting specific age groups and prescribing specific exercise parameters.

摘要

尽管运动对行为认知表现的急性影响在运动心理学领域有详细记录，但缺乏对决定急性运动后健康认知功能的神经电脑活动的综合评估。该系统评价包括 39 项研究，通过其振幅和潜伏期检查急性运动对事件相关电位 P3 的影响，这反映了分配给刺激的注意力资源量和对刺激进行分类的处理速度。运动对增加振幅和减少潜伏期有很小的影响。振幅效应受年龄和运动类型、强度和持续时间的影响，对于年龄≤18 岁和 19-35 岁的个体观察到的影响小于 >60 岁，对于高强度运动比中等强度运动，对于高强度间歇训练运动优于有氧运动、阻力运动和联合运动，以及持续时间≤10 和 11-20 的运动优于持续 21-30 分钟的运动。潜伏期效应受运动持续时间的影响，11-20 分钟的运动显示出比持续≤10 分钟的运动更小的效果。这些结果表明，剧烈运动可以增强注意力资源的分配和执行目标导向行为背后的认知过程所需的处理速度。此外，可以通过针对特定年龄组和规定特定运动参数来控制这些影响。11-20 分钟的运动比持续 ≤10 分钟的运动效果更小。这些结果表明，剧烈运动可以增强注意力资源的分配和执行目标导向行为背后的认知过程所需的处理速度。此外，可以通过针对特定年龄组和规定特定运动参数来控制这些影响。11-20 分钟的运动比持续 ≤10 分钟的运动效果更小。这些结果表明，剧烈运动可以增强注意力资源的分配和执行目标导向行为背后的认知过程所需的处理速度。此外，可以通过针对特定年龄组和规定特定运动参数来控制这些影响。