In this study, the galectin (OrGal) was purified from the grub of rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) using lactose-affinity chromatography and its molecular mass was determined as 191 kDa. The OrGal binds lactose, galactose and BSM. It is a heterotrimer whose IEF were ∼5–5.5 (50 kDa), 7 (75 kDa) and 8 (95 kDa). The OrGal was glycine-rich and showed peptide-homology to galectin and mitogenic lectin. From the isolated human PBMC, CD4⁺ T and CD19⁺ B cells were sorted and confirmed with CD markers. The OrGal was mitogenic to T-cells but not B cells (24 h and 48 h), and this activity was repressed by lactose. Expression of inflammatory mediators showed that OrGal upregulated IL-2 and IL-4, and downregulated IFN-γ, IL-6 and GM-CSF in LPS-primed-T-cells. In the LPS-primed-monocytes, OrGal downregulated NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and NO. The de novo transcriptomics identified transcripts (PB 3585.1 & PB 3817.1) showing identity to Coleopteran galectin-4, − 6, − 8 and − 9, in which galectin-8 & − 4 showed high similarities. Mass spectrometry sequences of OrGal and its subunit exhibited a considerable identity to PB 3585.1 (galectin-8) & PB 3817.1 (galectin-4). The in silico models of above two transcripts interacted with lactose and galactose.

在这项研究中，使用乳糖亲和色谱法从犀牛甲虫 ( Oryctes rhinoceros )（鞘翅目：金龟子科）的蛴螬中纯化出半乳糖凝集素 (OrGal)，其分子量为 191 kDa。OrGal 结合乳糖、半乳糖和 BSM。它是一种异源三聚体，其 IEF 约为 5–5.5 (50 kDa)、7 (75 kDa) 和 8 (95 kDa)。OrGal 富含甘氨酸并显示出与半乳糖凝集素和促有丝分裂凝集素的肽同源性。来自分离的人 PBMC、CD4 ⁺ T 和 CD19 ⁺B 细胞被分类并用 CD 标记确认。OrGal 对 T 细胞而非 B 细胞（24 小时和 48 小时）具有促有丝分裂作用，并且该活性被乳糖抑制。炎症介质的表达表明 OrGal 上调 IL-2 和 IL-4，并下调 LPS 引发的 T 细胞中的 IFN-γ、IL-6 和 GM-CSF。在 LPS 引发的单核细胞中，OrGal 下调 NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12 和 NO。从头转录组学鉴定的转录物（PB 3585.1 和 PB 3817.1）显示出与鞘翅目半乳糖凝集素-4、-6、-8 和-9 的同一性，其中半乳糖凝集素-8 和-4 表现出高度相似性。OrGal 及其亚基的质谱序列与 PB 3585.1 (galectin-8) 和 PB 3817.1 (galectin-4) 具有相当大的同一性。计算机模拟上述两个转录本的模型与乳糖和半乳糖相互作用。