Quantum circuits—built from local unitary gates and local measurements—are a new playground for quantum many-body physics and a tractable setting to explore universal collective phenomena far from equilibrium. These models have shed light on longstanding questions about thermalization and chaos, and on the underlying universal dynamics of quantum information and entanglement. In addition, such models generate new sets of questions and give rise to phenomena with no traditional analog, such as dynamical phase transitions in quantum systems that are monitored by an external observer. Quantum circuit dynamics is also topical in view of experimental progress in building digital quantum simulators that allow control of precisely these ingredients. Randomness in the circuit elements allows a high level of theoretical control, with a key theme being mappings between real-time quantum dynamics and effective classical lattice models or dynamical processes. Many of the universal phenomena that can be identified in this tractable setting apply to much wider classes of more structured many-body dynamics.

中文翻译：

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 随机量子电路


量子电路由局部幺正门和局部测量构建而成，是量子多体物理学的新游乐场，也是探索远离平衡的普遍集体现象的易于处理的环境。这些模型揭示了关于热化和混沌的长期问题，以及量子信息和纠缠的潜在普遍动力学。此外，此类模型会产生一系列新的问题，并产生没有传统模拟的现象，例如由外部观察者监控的量子系统中的动态相变。鉴于构建允许精确控制这些成分的数字量子模拟器的实验进展，量子电路动力学也是热门话题。电路元件的随机性允许高水平的理论控制，一个关键主题是实时量子动力学与有效的经典晶格模型或动力学过程之间的映射。在这个易于处理的环境中可以识别的许多普遍现象适用于更广泛的、更结构化的多体动力学类别。