Stigmasterol is a phytosterol derived from multiple herbaceous plants such as herbs, soybean and tobacco, and it has received much attention for its various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-oxidization, and lowering blood cholesterol. Multiple studies have revealed that stigmasterol holds promise as a potentially beneficial therapeutic agent for malignant tumors because of its significant anti-tumor bioactivity. It is reported that stigmasterol has anti-tumor effect in a variety of malignancies (e.g., breast, lung, liver and ovarian cancers) by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, metastasis and invasion, and inducing autophagy in tumor cells. Mechanistic study shows that stigmasterol triggers apoptosis in tumor cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, while its anti-proliferative activity is mainly dependent on its modulatory effect on cyclin proteins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). There have been multiple mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effect of stigmasterol, which make stigmasterol promising as a new anti-tumor agent and provide insights into research on its anti-tumor role. Presently, stigmasterol has been poorly understood, and there is a paucity of systemic review on the mechanism underlying its anti-tumor effect. The current study attempts to conduct a literature review on stigmasterol for its anti-tumor effect to provide reference for researchers and clinical workers.

中文翻译：

---

豆甾醇抗肿瘤作用及作用机制研究进展

豆甾醇是一种植物甾醇，来源于草本植物、大豆和烟草等多种草本植物，因其具有抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、降低血胆固醇等多种药理作用而备受关注。多项研究表明，由于其显着的抗肿瘤生物活性，豆甾醇有望成为恶性肿瘤的潜在有益治疗剂。据报道，豆甾醇通过促进肿瘤细胞凋亡，抑制增殖、转移和侵袭，诱导肿瘤细胞自噬，对多种恶性肿瘤（如乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌和卵巢癌）具有抗肿瘤作用。机理研究表明，豆甾醇通过调节PI3K/Akt信号通路和线粒体活性氧的产生来触发肿瘤细胞凋亡，而其抗增殖活性主要依赖于其对细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK）的调节作用). 豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用存在多种潜在机制，这使得豆甾醇有望成为一种新型抗肿瘤药物，并为其抗肿瘤作用的研究提供了新思路。目前，对豆甾醇知之甚少，对其抗肿瘤作用机制的系统评价也很缺乏。本研究试图对豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用进行文献综述，以期为研究人员和临床工作者提供参考。而其抗增殖活性主要取决于其对细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK）的调节作用。豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用存在多种潜在机制，这使得豆甾醇有望成为一种新型抗肿瘤药物，并为其抗肿瘤作用的研究提供了新思路。目前，对豆甾醇知之甚少，对其抗肿瘤作用机制的系统评价也很缺乏。本研究试图对豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用进行文献综述，以期为研究人员和临床工作者提供参考。而其抗增殖活性主要取决于其对细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK）的调节作用。豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用存在多种潜在机制，这使得豆甾醇有望成为一种新型抗肿瘤药物，并为其抗肿瘤作用的研究提供了新思路。目前，对豆甾醇知之甚少，对其抗肿瘤作用机制的系统评价也很缺乏。本研究试图对豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用进行文献综述，以期为研究人员和临床工作者提供参考。这使得豆甾醇有望成为一种新的抗肿瘤药物，并为其抗肿瘤作用的研究提供见解。目前，对豆甾醇知之甚少，对其抗肿瘤作用机制的系统评价也很缺乏。本研究试图对豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用进行文献综述，以期为研究人员和临床工作者提供参考。这使得豆甾醇有望成为一种新的抗肿瘤药物，并为其抗肿瘤作用的研究提供见解。目前，对豆甾醇知之甚少，对其抗肿瘤作用机制的系统评价也很缺乏。本研究试图对豆甾醇的抗肿瘤作用进行文献综述，以期为研究人员和临床工作者提供参考。