We focus on pre-Columbian agricultural regimes in the Maya Lowlands, using new datasets of archaeological wood charcoal, seeds, phytoliths, and starch grains; biological properties of plants; and contemporary Indigenous practices. We address inherited models of agriculture in the lowlands: the limitations of the environment (finding more affordances than anticipated by earlier models); the homogeneity of agricultural strategies (finding more heterogeneity of strategies across the lowlands than a single rigid template); the centrality of maize in agriculture (finding more reliance on root crops and tree crops than historically documented); the focus on the milpa system as food base (finding more agroforestry, homegardening, horticulture, and wild resource management than previously documented); the dominance of swidden strategies in agricultural practices (finding more diverse practices than accounted for in most models); and the foregrounding of maize crop failure in collapse models (finding more evidence of resilience and sustainable agricultural practices than predicted).

我们使用考古木炭、种子、植硅体和淀粉粒的新数据集，重点关注玛雅低地的前哥伦布时期的农业制度；植物的生物学特性；和当代土著习俗。我们解决低地农业的继承模式：环境的局限性（发现比早期模型预期更多的可供性）；农业战略的同质性（与单一严格模板相比，低地地区的战略异质性更大）；玉米在农业中的中心地位（发现比历史记录更多地依赖块根作物和木本作物）；重点关注米尔帕系统作为粮食基地（发现比以前记录的更多的农林业、家庭园艺、园艺和野生资源管理）；农业实践中轮换策略的主导地位（发现比大多数模型中所考虑的更多样化的实践）；以及崩溃模型中玉米歉收的前景（发现比预测更多的恢复力和可持续农业实践的证据）。