Lithium metal has been regarded as one of the promising anodes due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, it is still hampered by the unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and lithium dendrites. Herein, we report a class of thiolate-based salts with low dissociation but moderate ionic conductivity in ether mixture solvents for rechargeable lithium batteries, which leads to an anion-dominated solvation structure at standard concentration and is conducive to the formation of a dense LiF-rich SEI layer on the lithium metal anode surface, thereby inhibiting the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte. In addition, they are simple to prepare and have high solubility, low cost, and excellent lithium-ion transference number. Such an electrolyte is successfully applied in a Li/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ half-cell and shows promising battery performance. This work inspires a new direction to construct stable anion-derived SEI via designing the structure of lithium salts.

中文翻译：

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具有阴离子主导溶剂化作用的基于硫醇盐的电解质用于高度稳定的锂金属电池

锂金属由于其高理论比容量和低电化学势而被认为是有前途的负极之一。然而，它仍然受到不稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI）和锂枝晶的阻碍。在此，我们报道了一类在用于可充电锂电池的醚混合溶剂中具有低离解但离子电导率适中的硫醇盐，这导致标准浓度下阴离子主导的溶剂化结构，有利于形成致密的 LiF-锂金属负极表面丰富的SEI层，从而抑制电解液的不断分解。此外，它们制备简单，溶解度高，成本低，锂离子迁移数优异。这种电解质已成功应用于 Li/Li₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂半电池并显示出有前途的电池性能。这项工作为通过设计锂盐结构构建稳定的阴离子衍生 SEI 开辟了新方向。