The uncontrollable Li deposition and severe lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling hinder the commercial application in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Here, we propose a bifunctional electrolyte additive, 1,4-difluoroanthraquinone (DFAQ), to be used for lithium regulation and acceleration of sulfur redox kinetics. DFAQ is conducive to form a rigid and smooth LiF-rich organic–inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), realizing reversible Li plating/stripping, restraining dendrite growth, and shielding Li anode from the detrimental side reaction with LiPSs. More importantly, DFAQ can be used as a redox mediator to enable an oxygen radical-mediated catalytic cycle to dramatically promote the conversion of LiPSs. Accordingly, the Li–S battery with DFAQ demonstrates ultrahigh discharge capacities, enhanced high-rate performance, and outstanding long-cycle stability (1693.4 mAh g^–1 at 0.5C over 700 cycles). Even under harsh conditions including high sulfur loading (5.8 mg_S cm^–2), ultrathin Li anode (50 μm), and low E/S ratio (5.0 μL mgS^–1), the Li–S battery with DFAQ shows 80 cycles in comparison to just 30 cycles for control battery. This work demonstrates a facile additive strategy originated from bond chemistry to build applicable Li–S batteries.

中文翻译：

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用于改善可充电锂硫电池动力学和界面化学的双功能氟化蒽醌添加剂

不可控的锂沉积和严重的多硫化锂（LiPS）穿梭阻碍了锂硫（Li-S）电池的商业应用。在这里，我们提出了一种双功能电解质添加剂 1,4-二氟蒽醌 (DFAQ)，用于调节锂和加速硫氧化还原动力学。DFAQ 有利于形成坚硬光滑的富含 LiF 的有机-无机杂化固体电解质界面（SEI），实现可逆的 Li 沉积/剥离，抑制枝晶生长，并保护 Li 负极免受与 LiPSs 的有害副反应。更重要的是，DFAQ 可用作氧化还原介质，使氧自由基介导的催化循环能够显着促进 LiPS 的转化。因此，具有 DFAQ 的锂硫电池表现出超高放电容量、增强的高倍率性能、^–1在 0.5C 下超过 700 个循环）。即使在包括高硫负载 (5.8 mg _S cm ^–2 )、超薄锂负极 (50 μm) 和低 E/S 比 (5.0 μL mgS ^–1 ) 在内的严苛条件下，具有 DFAQ 的锂硫电池在与控制电池仅 30 个循环相比。这项工作展示了一种源自键合化学的简便添加剂策略，用于构建适用的锂硫电池。