Global metagenomic surveys have revealed that bats host a diverse array of paramyxoviruses, including species from at least five major genera. An essential determinant of successful spillover is the entry of a virus into a new host. We evaluate the role of receptor usage in the zoonotic potential of bat-borne henipaviruses, morbilliviruses, pararubulaviruses, orthorubulaviruses, and jeilongviruses; successful spillover into humans depends upon compatibility of a respective viral attachment protein with its cognate receptor. We also emphasize the importance of postentry restrictions in preventing spillover. Metagenomics and characterization of newly identified paramyxoviruses have greatly improved our understanding of spillover determinants, allowing for better forecasts of which bat-borne viruses may pose the greatest risk for cross-species transmission into humans.

全球宏基因组调查显示，蝙蝠携带多种副粘病毒，包括至少五个主要属的物种。成功溢出的一个重要决定因素是病毒进入新宿主。我们评估了受体的使用在蝙蝠传播的亨尼帕病毒、麻疹病毒、副红斑病毒、正红斑病毒和杰龙病毒的人畜共患病潜力中的作用；成功扩散到人类取决于相应病毒附着蛋白与其同源受体的相容性。我们还强调入境后限制对于防止溢出效应的重要性。新发现的副粘病毒的宏基因组学和特征极大地提高了我们对溢出决定因素的理解，从而可以更好地预测哪些蝙蝠传播的病毒可能对跨物种传播给人类带来最大的风险。