Reduction of Dimethylarsenate to Highly Toxic Dimethylarsenite in Paddy Soil and Rice Plants,Environmental Science & Technology

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Reduction of Dimethylarsenate to Highly Toxic Dimethylarsenite in Paddy Soil and Rice Plants
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07418
Chuan Chen ₁ , Yu Yu ₁ , Yijie Wang ₁ , Axiang Gao ₁ , Baoyun Yang ₁ , Zhu Tang ₁ , Fang-Jie Zhao ₁

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Dimethylarsenate [DMAs(V)] is a common methylated As species in soils and plants and can cause the physiological disorder straighthead disease in rice. Because DMAs(V) is relatively noncytotoxic, we hypothesize that phytotoxicity of DMAs(V) may arise from trivalent dimethylarsenite [DMAs(III)]. DMAs(III) has been detected in human urine samples but not in environmental samples, likely due to its instability under oxic conditions. We first established methods for preservation and detections of DMAs(III) in soil and plant samples. We showed that DMAs(III) was a major As species in soil solution from an anoxic paddy soil. Enrichment cultures for fermentative, sulfate-reducing, and denitrifying bacteria from the paddy soil could reduce DMAs(V) to DMAs(III). Twenty-two strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the soil showed some ability to reduce DMAs(V). Rice plants grown in hydroponic culture with DMAs(V) also showed the ability to reduce DMAs(V) to DMAs(III). Rice plants and grains grown in a flooded paddy soil contained both DMAs(V) and DMAs(III); their concentrations were higher in the spikelets with straighthead disease than those without. DMAs(III) was much more toxic to the protoplasts isolated from rice plants than DMAs(V). Taken together, the ability to reduce DMAs(V) to highly toxic DMAs(III) is common to soil anaerobes and rice plants.

中文翻译：

水稻土和水稻植物中二甲基砷酸盐还原为高毒二甲基亚砷酸盐

二甲基砷酸盐 [DMAs(V)] 是一种常见的甲基化砷，存在于土壤和植物中，可引起水稻生理紊乱直头病。由于 DMAs(V) 相对无细胞毒性，我们假设 DMAs(V) 的植物毒性可能来自三价二甲基亚砷酸盐 [DMAs(III)]。已在人类尿液样本中检测到 DMAs(III)，但在环境样本中未检测到，这可能是由于其在有氧条件下不稳定。我们首先建立了土壤和植物样品中 DMAs(III) 的保存和检测方法。我们发现 DMAs(III) 是缺氧水稻土土壤溶液中的主要砷物种。水稻土中发酵、硫酸盐还原和反硝化细菌的富集培养可以将 DMAs(V) 还原为 DMAs(III)。从土壤中分离出的 22 株厌氧菌显示出一定的还原 DMAs(V) 的能力。在含有 DMAs(V) 的水培栽培中生长的水稻植物也显示出将 DMAs(V) 还原为 DMAs(III) 的能力。在淹水的水稻土中生长的水稻植物和谷物同时含有 DMAs(V) 和 DMAs(III)；它们在有直头病的小穗中的浓度高于没有直头病的小穗。DMAs(III) 比 DMAs(V) 对从水稻植物中分离的原生质体的毒性要大得多。总之，将 DMAs(V) 还原为剧毒 DMAs(III) 的能力在土壤厌氧菌和水稻植物中很常见。它们在有直头病的小穗中的浓度高于没有直头病的小穗。DMAs(III) 比 DMAs(V) 对从水稻植物中分离的原生质体的毒性要大得多。总之，将 DMAs(V) 还原为剧毒 DMAs(III) 的能力在土壤厌氧菌和水稻植物中很常见。它们在有直头病的小穗中的浓度高于没有直头病的小穗。DMAs(III) 比 DMAs(V) 对从水稻植物中分离的原生质体的毒性要大得多。总之，将 DMAs(V) 还原为剧毒 DMAs(III) 的能力在土壤厌氧菌和水稻植物中很常见。

更新日期：2022-12-09

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