Abstract

Based on ideas developed by the author about the vacuum of an electromagnetic field (the EM vacuum as a basic system of reference and the Casimir polarization of the EM vacuum near electrons and atomic nuclei) it is shown that the genesis of the irreversibility of real processes in time—the “arrow of time”, as one of the “great problems of modern physics” (according to V.L. Ginzburg)—lies in the inevitability of dissipative processes at all spatiotemporal levels of the hierarchy of natural systems. Dissipation accompanies all processes, from macroscopic—in the dynamics of which irregularities of a chaotic nature inevitably appear—to those at the level of atoms and atomic nuclei, since energy must be supplied from the EM vacuum even to maintain the functionally active state of the electronic subsystem of the atom and the nuclear matter of the atomic nucleus. This occurs in the non-equivalent exchange of energy between the virtual photons of the EM vacuum and the region of the Casimir polarization of the electronic subsystem of an atom or atomic nucleus. Within such representations, the Universe itself is an open system fed with energy from the energy-saturated world environment—the proto-vacuum. Phenomenological ideas about the dynamics of the Universe that are developed in this work allow us to solve the most acute problems of such dynamics in a natural way, along with that of the so-called cosmological constant, and to establish the relationship between this constant, which characterizes the expansion of the Universe, and the energy density of the EM vacuum. The introduced concepts allow us to understand a number of other unsolved problems connected in one way or another with the key role of virtual photons in a number of optical phenomena. This is true in particular for the mysterious phenomenon of no light scattering from distant stellar sources, manifested most clearly in the fixed independence of the surface brightness of similar galaxies from their redshifts, which cannot be understood on the basis of the Huygens–Fresnel principle. It has also been shown that the recently established effect of “mass being attracted by a light flux” is due to the accumulated energy of virtual photons produced by the intense light flux in the near-surface regions of massive objects. The subsequent re-emission of light can in this case determine the so-called lensing effect observed in astrophysics, which is usually considered as associated with the effect gravity has on light fluxes.

中文翻译：

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原子作为基本环境中的开放耗散系统——物理真空的电磁分量：现象学

摘要

基于作者提出的关于电磁场真空的想法（EM 真空作为基本参考系统和 EM 真空在电子和原子核附近的卡西米尔极化）表明了真实过程不可逆性的起源在时间上——“时间之箭”，作为“现代物理学的重大问题”之一（根据 VL Ginzburg 的说法）——存在于自然系统层次结构的所有时空层次上耗散过程的必然性。耗散伴随着所有过程，从宏观——在动力学中不可避免地出现混沌性质的不规则性——到原子和原子核水平的过程，因为必须从 EM 真空中提供能量，以维持原子的电子子系统和原子核的核物质的功能活性状态。这发生在 EM 真空的虚光子与原子或原子核的电子子系统的卡西米尔极化区域之间的非等效能量交换中。在这样的表述中，宇宙本身是一个开放系统，其能量来自能量饱和的世界环境——原始真空。在这项工作中发展的关于宇宙动力学的现象学思想使我们能够以自然的方式解决这种动力学的最尖锐问题，以及所谓的宇宙常数，并建立这个常数之间的关系，它表征了宇宙的膨胀，和 EM 真空的能量密度。引入的概念使我们能够理解许多其他未解决的问题，这些问题以某种方式与虚光子在许多光学现象中的关键作用相关联。对于没有来自遥远恒星源的光散射的神秘现象尤其如此，最清楚地表现在相似星系的表面亮度与其红移的固定独立性，这不能基于惠更斯-菲涅耳原理来理解。还表明，最近建立的“质量被光通量吸引”的效应是由于大质量物体近表面区域的强光通量产生的虚光子能量的累积。