The development of renewable hydrogen production methods is crucial to recognizing the hydrogen economy that may solve global environmental and energy concerns. Photocatalytic water splitting is an ideal technology for converting solar energy into hydrogen energy that is environmentally friendly and economical. In order to achieve highly efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic hydrogen production, it is crucial to research and develop high-performance, earth-abundant cocatalysts. Recent studies have shown that amorphous and chalcogenide enriched cocatalysts are promising candidates to replace noble metal-based cocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). An overview of recent advances in photocatalytic HER with amorphous and chalcogenide enriched cocatalysts is presented in this review. Specifically, this review sheds light on the needs of amorphous and chalcogenide enriched cocatalysts, followed by the functions, intrinsic mechanism of charge transfer, various factors influencing their activities, and design principles of the amorphous and chalcogenide enriched cocatalysts are discussed. Furthermore, various types of amorphous and chalcogenide enriched cocatalysts are discussed in detail, ranging from crystalline to amorphous to amorphous and chalcogenide enriched phase, including their various synthetic strategies, lowering overpotential, providing active sites, mechanisms, strengthening photostability, enhancing photoexcited charge transfer in photocatalytic HER, and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition to this, some emerging characterization techniques are also discussed which are helpful in examining the amorphous and chalcogenide enriched cocatalysts' induced charge behavior. In the end, we provide a comprehensive conclusion and future prospective for research development that identifies the major challenges and suggests opportunities to overcome this global issue. Amorphous and chalcogenide enriched cocatalysts are a rising star in photocatalytic HER.

中文翻译：

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非晶态和硫属化物富集助催化剂在光催化析氢方面取得新突破


可再生氢生产方法的发展对于认识可解决全球环境和能源问题的氢经济至关重要。光催化分解水是将太阳能转化为氢能的理想技术，既环保又经济。为了实现高效且经济的光催化制氢，研究和开发地球丰富的高性能助催化剂至关重要。最近的研究表明，非晶态和硫族化物富集的助催化剂是替代贵金属基助催化剂用于光催化析氢反应（HER）的有希望的候选者。本综述概述了非晶态和硫属化物富集助催化剂的光催化 HER 的最新进展。具体来说，这篇综述阐明了非晶态和硫族化物富集助催化剂的需求，然后讨论了非晶态和硫族化物富集助催化剂的功能、电荷转移的内在机制、影响其活性的各种因素以及设计原理。此外，还详细讨论了各种类型的非晶态和富硫族化物助催化剂，从结晶相到非晶态再到非晶态和富硫族化物相，包括它们的各种合成策略，降低过电势，提供活性位点，机制，增强光稳定性，增强光激发电荷转移。光催化HER及其优点和缺点。除此之外，还讨论了一些新兴的表征技术，这些技术有助于检查非晶态和硫族化物富集的助催化剂的感应电荷行为。 最后，我们提供了研究发展的全面结论和未来展望，确定了主要挑战并提出了克服这一全球问题的机会。无定形和富含硫族化物的助催化剂是光催化 HER 领域的后起之秀。