The microscopic quantum nature of elementary particles, chirality, leads to macroscopic phenomena like the chiral anomaly, chiral magnetic effect, and chiral plasma instability. We review recent progress of the studies of these chiral effects in high-energy astrophysics, such as pulsar kicks, magnetars, and core-collapse supernovae, and early Universe cosmology, such as the primordial magnetic field, baryogenesis, and chiral gravitational waves. We also provide a pedagogical introduction to the chiral effects and low-energy effective theories to describe them in and out of equilibrium—the chiral (magneto)hydrodynamics, chiral kinetic theory, and chiral radiation transport theory for neutrinos.

基本粒子的微观量子性质，即手性，导致手性反常、手性磁效应和手性等离子体不稳定性等宏观现象。我们回顾了这些手性效应在高能天体物理学中的研究进展，例如脉冲星反冲、磁星和核心坍缩超新星，以及早期宇宙宇宙学，例如原始磁场、重子生成和手性引力波。我们还提供了对手性效应和低能有效理论的教学介绍，以描述它们处于平衡状态和非平衡状态——手性（磁）流体动力学、手性动力学理论和中微子的手性辐射输运理论。