The scarcity of fresh water resources has become a serious issue hindering the sustainable development of modern civilization. The interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) system that produces heat on material surface through photothermal conversion for desalination has been demonstrated as a promising candidate for practical application. Fibrous materials with unique flexibility, durability, processability, practicability, and multifunctionality have attracted considerable attention in the ISSG field. In this review, the basics of fibrous materials, such as their classification, manufacturing methods and flexible fibrous structure, are firstly introduced. Afterward, the outstanding properties of fibrous materials on different dimensions are demonstrated, as well as the versatile morphologies and structures that allow fibrous materials to carry out different roles in ISSG. Moreover, the practicability and multifunctionality of fibrous materials are illustrated in detail by combining specific cases to show their promising potential in practical ISSG application. Finally, existing challenges and future opportunities of fibrous material-based ISSG systems are discussed.

淡水资源匮乏已成为阻碍现代文明可持续发展的严重问题。通过光热转换在材料表面产生热量以进行海水淡化的界面太阳能蒸汽发电 (ISSG) 系统已被证明是一种很有前途的实际应用候选者。具有独特柔韧性、耐用性、加工性、实用性和多功能性的纤维材料在ISSG领域引起了广泛关注。本文首先介绍了纤维材料的分类、制造方法和柔性纤维结构等基本知识。随后，展示了纤维材料在不同维度上的突出性能，以及允许纤维材料在 ISSG 中发挥不同作用的多功能形态和结构。此外，结合具体案例详细阐述了纤维材料的实用性和多功能性，展示了其在ISSG实际应用中的巨大潜力。最后，讨论了基于纤维材料的 ISSG 系统的现有挑战和未来机遇。