烃类电裂解综述,ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

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烃类电裂解综述
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03427
M. E. H. Tijani ₁ , Herbert Zondag _{1,

2} , Yvonne Van Delft ₁

Affiliation

碳氢化合物的裂解是一个高度耗能的过程，CO ₂排放量很大。工业蒸汽裂解炉使用燃气炉，其产生的全球 CO ₂排放量约为 366 Mt/年。多年来，现代裂解装置得到了改进，以提高性能并减少温室气体排放。然而，改进是有限的，而且目前的设计无法实现未来所需的CO _{2减排量。}电气化是使裂解过程更具可持续性的一个有前途的选择，尤其是在使用可再生电力的情况下。电加热将节省能源，因为避免了烟气损失，而 CO ₂如果使用可再生电力，排放量将大幅减少。本文评估了电裂解的现状，并确定了用于裂解过程电气化的潜在电加热技术。综述了各种电加热技术，对其在裂解过程中的应用进行了广泛的文献检索，并汇编了电裂解的工业应用。研究表明，电阻（欧姆）加热是一种很有前途的石脑油蒸汽裂解电加热技术。该技术相对容易扩大规模，可用于改造现有的裂解装置。预计电裂解的成本将高于常规裂解，主要是由于目前的电价高于气价。然而，石脑油的成本约占乙烯生产成本的 80%，因此可能的选择性改进可以通过降低原料消耗来降低总体成本。可以通过保证可再生电力的充足可用性和引入 CO2 来刺激裂解过程的电气化₂税。

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Review of Electric Cracking of Hydrocarbons

The cracking of hydrocarbons is a highly energy-intensive process with large CO₂ emissions. Industrial steam crackers use gas-fired furnaces, which produce a global CO₂ emission of about 366 Mt/year. Modern crackers have been improved through the years to increase performance and reduce greenhouse emissions. However, the improvements are limited, and the required future CO₂ emission reductions cannot be achieved with the present designs. Electrification is a promising option to make cracking processes more sustainable, especially if renewable electricity is used. Electric heating will result in energy savings as flue gas losses are avoided, while CO₂ emissions will be reduced radically if renewable electricity is used. This paper evaluates the current state of electric cracking and identifies potential electric heating technologies for the electrification of cracking processes. Various electric heating technologies are reviewed, an extensive literature search is conducted on their application in cracking processes, and industrial applications of electric cracking are compiled. The study shows that resistance (Ohmic) heating is a promising electric heating technology for steam cracking of naphtha. The technology is relatively easy to scale up and can be used to retrofit existing crackers. The cost of electric cracking is expected to be higher than conventional cracking, mainly due to the current electricity price being higher than the gas price. However, the cost of naphtha represents about 80% of the ethylene production cost, so possible selectivity improvements could reduce the overall cost through lower feedstock consumption. The electrification of the cracking processes can be stimulated by guaranteeing sufficient availability of renewable electricity and by introducing a CO₂ tax.

更新日期：2022-11-23

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