Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have been considered as one of the most promising adsorbents for water treatment via the adsorption technique, due to their excellent skeleton structure, abundant porosity, and extremely high internal surface area. However, MOFs are normally in form of powder or crystal, which greatly limits their application because of the intrinsic fragility, poor processability and recoverability. Therefore, MOFs are commonly introduced into hydrogel matrixes, leading to a series of MOF/hydrogel composites with advanced adsorption properties and flexibility. Herein, we focus on the recent development of strategies used for the combing of MOFs and hydrogels, and the pros/cons of each method are discussed. Furthermore, performance of MOF/hydrogel based adsorbents for the removal of metal ions, organic dyes and drug residue molecules are reviewed. To explore their structure-performance relationship, microstructure, adsorption capacity and recyclability of MOF/hydrogels synthesized via different routes are presented. Finally, challenges and outlooks regarding to the green synthesis, stability and computational design of MOF/hydrogel composites are briefly discussed.

金属有机骨架（MOFs）材料由于其优异的骨架结构、丰富的孔隙率和极高的内表面积，被认为是最有前途的水处理吸附剂之一。然而，MOFs通常为粉末或晶体形式，由于其固有的脆性、加工性和可回收性差，极大地限制了它们的应用。因此，MOF 通常被引入到水凝胶基质中，从而产生一系列具有先进吸附性能和柔韧性的 MOF/水凝胶复合材料。在此，我们重点介绍了用于 MOF 和水凝胶结合的策略的最新发展，并讨论了每种方法的优缺点。此外，基于 MOF/水凝胶的吸附剂去除金属离子的性能，审查有机染料和药物残留分子。为了探索它们的结构-性能关系，介绍了通过不同途径合成的 MOF/水凝胶的微观结构、吸附能力和可回收性。最后，简要讨论了 MOF/水凝胶复合材料的绿色合成、稳定性和计算设计方面的挑战和展望。