具有抗炎活性的肽和蛋白水解物：来源、结构特征和调节机制,Food & Function

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具有抗炎活性的肽和蛋白水解物：来源、结构特征和调节机制
Food & Function ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02223k
Julia Rivera-Jiménez ₁ , Carmen Berraquero-García ₁ , Raúl Pérez-Gálvez ₁ , Pedro J García-Moreno ₁ , F Javier Espejo-Carpio ₁ , Antonio Guadix ₁ , Emilia M Guadix ₁

Affiliation

炎症是免疫系统对组织损伤、感染或有毒化学物质等有害刺激的反应，其目的是消除刺激物或病原微生物，增强组织修复。不受控制的长期急性炎症可逐渐进展为慢性，引起多种慢性炎症性疾病，通常用抗炎药物治疗，但大多数慢性反应不足以控制，并伴有不良副作用。因此，许多努力正致力于从天然产物中开发替代的和更具选择性的抗炎疗法。一个主要的兴趣领域是从可持续的蛋白质来源（如食用昆虫或农工业和渔业副产品）中获得具有抗炎活性的生物活性肽。这项工作突出了抗炎肽的结构-活性关系。分子量小于 1 kDa 且氨基酸链长度在 2 至 20 个残基之间的小肽通常最有活性，因为与较大尺寸的肽相比，它更容易被肠道吸收并渗透到细胞中。疏水性（Val、Ile、Pro）和带正电（His、Arg、Lys）氨基酸的存在是抗炎肽的另一种常见现象。有趣的是，这些生物活性肽中有很大一部分 (77%) 可以在替代的可持续蛋白质来源中找到，例如分子量小于 1 kDa 且氨基酸链长度在 2 至 20 个残基之间的小肽通常最有活性，因为与较大尺寸的肽相比，它更容易被肠道吸收并渗透到细胞中。疏水性（Val、Ile、Pro）和带正电（His、Arg、Lys）氨基酸的存在是抗炎肽的另一种常见现象。有趣的是，这些生物活性肽中有很大一部分 (77%) 可以在替代的可持续蛋白质来源中找到，例如分子量小于 1 kDa 且氨基酸链长度在 2 至 20 个残基之间的小肽通常最有活性，因为与较大尺寸的肽相比，它更容易被肠道吸收并渗透到细胞中。疏水性（Val、Ile、Pro）和带正电（His、Arg、Lys）氨基酸的存在是抗炎肽的另一种常见现象。有趣的是，这些生物活性肽中有很大一部分 (77%) 可以在替代的可持续蛋白质来源中找到，例如黄粉虫或向日葵，除了其原始蛋白质来源。然而，并非所有这些在体外具有抗炎潜力的肽都能通过所研究的计算机生物活性预测因子获得良好的分数。因此，必须实施当前的生物信息学工具，以便通过预先预测潜在的生物活性肽来补充体外实验。

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Peptides and protein hydrolysates exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity: sources, structural features and modulation mechanisms

Inflammation is the response of the immune system to harmful stimuli such as tissue injury, infection or toxic chemicals, which has the aim of eliminating irritants or pathogenic microorganisms and enhancing tissue repair. Uncontrolled long-lasting acute inflammation can gradually progress to chronic, causing a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases that are usually treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, but most of them are inadequate to control chronic responses and are also associated with adverse side effects. Thus, many efforts are being directed to develop alternative and more selective anti-inflammatory therapies from natural products. One main field of interest is the obtaining of bioactive peptides exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity from sustainable protein sources like edible insects or agroindustry and fishing by-products. This work highlighted the structure–activity relationship of anti-inflammatory peptides. Small peptides with molecular weight under 1 kDa and amino acid chain length between 2 to 20 residues are generally the most active because of the higher probability to be absorbed in the intestine and penetrate into cells when compared with the larger size peptides. The presence of hydrophobic (Val, Ile, Pro) and positively charged (His, Arg, Lys) amino acids is another common occurrence for anti-inflammatory peptides. Interestingly, a high percentage (77%) of these bioactive peptides can be found in alternative sustainable protein sources such as Tenebrio molitor or sunflower, apart from its original protein source. However, not all of these peptides with anti-inflammatory potential in vitro achieve good scores by the in silico bioactivity predictors studied. Therefore, it is essential to implement current bioinformatics tools, in order to complement in vitro experiments with prior prediction of potential bioactive peptides.

更新日期：2022-11-24

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