In this study, a comparison of the behavioural characteristics of CI engine operated under single-fuel mode with biodiesel and dual-fuel mode enriched with hydrogen was conducted. The influence of unsaturation degree on the engine behaviour has been assessed and compared between Grapeseed biodiesel (GSBD) and Wheat Germ biodiesel (WGBD) with Coconut biodiesel (CBD) since CBD has a very low level of unsaturation compared to the other two fuels in the single-fuel mode. In addition, this work also investigates the impact of unsaturation on the H₂ induction, performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a CI engine in dual-fuel operation. The obtained results showed that with the increasing degree of unsaturation, H₂ induction decreases, with CBD tolerating Hydrogen Energy Share (HES) of 13.8 % without knocking, followed by 13.5 % and 12.5 % for GSBD and WGBD, respectively. Comparing the industrial biomass residues alone in dual fuel mode for maximum HES, GSBD-H₂ exhibited superior characteristics with 34 % brake thermal efficiency, 0.22 g/kWh of hydrocarbon, 2.3 g/kWh of carbon monoxide and 35.4 % of smoke opacity as against 32.5 %, 0.31 g/kWh, 3.5 g/kWh and 40.3 % for WGBD, respectively. However, the nitric oxide emissions were slightly higher for GSBD compared to WGBD in both single-fuel and dual-fuel modes.

在这项研究中，比较了 CI 发动机在使用生物柴油的单燃料模式和富含氢气的双燃料模式下运行的行为特征。已经评估了不饱和度对发动机行为的影响，并在葡萄籽生物柴油 (GSBD) 和小麦胚芽生物柴油 (WGBD) 与椰子生物柴油 (CBD) 之间进行了比较，因为与其他两种燃料相比，CBD 的不饱和度非常低单一燃料模式。此外，这项工作还研究了不饱和度对双燃料运行中 CI 发动机的 H _{2感应、性能、燃烧和排放特性的影响。}结果表明,随着不饱和度的增加,H ₂感应降低，CBD 在不爆震的情况下容忍氢能份额 (HES) 为 13.8%，其次是 GSBD 和 WGBD 分别为 13.5% 和 12.5%。在双燃料模式下单独比较工业生物质残渣以获得最大 HES，GSBD-H ₂表现出优异的特性，制动热效率为 34%，碳氢化合物为 0.22 g/kWh，一氧化碳为 2.3 g/kWh，烟雾不透明度为 35.4% WGBD 分别为 32.5%、0.31 g/kWh、3.5 g/kWh 和 40.3%。然而，与单燃料和双燃料模式下的 WGBD 相比，GSBD 的一氧化氮排放量略高。