Protein and amino acid oxidation in food products produce many new compounds, of which the reactive and toxic compound dityrosine, derived from oxidized tyrosine, is the most widely studied. The high reactivity of dityrosine enables this compound to induce oxidative stress and disrupt thyroid hormone function, contributing to the pathological processes of several diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, aging, and age-related diseases. From the perspective of food safety and human health, protein-oxidation products in food are the main concern of consumers, health management departments, and the food industry. This review highlights the latest research on the formation pathways, toxicity, detection methods, occurrence in food, and mitigation strategies for dityrosine. Furthermore, the control of dityrosine in family cooking and food-processing industry has been discussed. Food-derived dityrosine primarily originates from high-protein foods, such as meat and dairy products. Considering its toxicity, combining rapid high sensitivity dityrosine detection techniques with feasible control methods could be an effective strategy to ensure food safety and maintain human health. However, the current dityrosine detection and mitigation strategies exhibit some inherent characteristics and limitations. Therefore, developing technologies for rapid and effective dityrosine detection and control at the industrial level is necessary.

中文翻译：

---

食品中的二酪氨酸：综述其发生、健康影响、检测方法和缓解策略

食品中的蛋白质和氨基酸氧化会产生许多新化合物，其中从氧化酪氨酸衍生而来的反应性和毒性化合物二酪氨酸是研究最广泛的。二酪氨酸的高反应性使该化合物能够诱导氧化应激并破坏甲状腺激素功能，从而导致多种疾病的病理过程，例如肥胖、糖尿病、认知功能障碍、衰老和与年龄相关的疾病。从食品安全和人体健康的角度来看，食品中的蛋白质氧化产物是消费者、卫生管理部门和食品行业关注的主要问题。这篇综述重点介绍了关于二酪氨酸的形成途径、毒性、检测方法、食品中的存在和缓解策略的最新研究。此外，讨论了家庭烹饪和食品加工业中二酪氨酸的控制。食物来源的二酪氨酸主要来源于高蛋白食物，例如肉类和奶制品。考虑到其毒性，将快速、高灵敏度的二酪氨酸检测技术与可行的控制方法相结合，可能是确保食品安全和维护人类健康的有效策略。然而，目前的二酪氨酸检测和缓解策略表现出一些固有的特征和局限性。因此，有必要开发工业级快速有效的二酪氨酸检测和控制技术。将快速、高灵敏度的二酪氨酸检测技术与可行的控制方法相结合，可能是确保食品安全和维护人类健康的有效策略。然而，目前的二酪氨酸检测和缓解策略表现出一些固有的特征和局限性。因此，有必要开发工业级快速有效的二酪氨酸检测和控制技术。将快速、高灵敏度的二酪氨酸检测技术与可行的控制方法相结合，可能是确保食品安全和维护人类健康的有效策略。然而，目前的二酪氨酸检测和缓解策略表现出一些固有的特征和局限性。因此，有必要开发工业级快速有效的二酪氨酸检测和控制技术。