Brillouin dynamic gratings (BDGs) in optical fibers have been developed for more than a decade and gained considerable interests in different photonics fields. Based on its features of flexibility and all-optical generation, BDG has been explored for many applications including distributed optical fiber sensing (temperature, strain, transverse pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and salinity), all-optical signal processing, all-optical delay, microwave photonic filter, and ultrahigh resolution optical spectrometry. Especially in recent years, besides the longitudinal BDG in the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the transverse BDG associated with the forward SBS has been proposed for substance identification and characterization of optical fiber diameter. In this paper, a systematically theoretical analysis of BDG in optical fibers is given and its recent advances in applications is summarized.

光纤中的布里渊动态光栅 (BDG) 已经开发了十多年，并在不同的光子学领域获得了相当大的兴趣。基于其灵活性和全光生成的特点，BDG 已被探索用于分布式光纤传感（温度、应变、横向压力、静水压力和盐度）、全光信号处理、全光延迟、微波光子滤波器和超高分辨率光学光谱法。特别是近年来，除了后向受激布里渊散射（SBS）中的纵向 BDG 之外，还提出了与前向 SBS 相关的横向 BDG 用于光纤直径的物质识别和表征。在本文中，