With the advancement of artificial intelligence computing systems that can collect, analyze, and utilize metadata from our activities and surrounding environments, establishing self-powered electronic systems/networks supported by energy harvesters is strongly desired. With the lowering of power consumption in contemporary IoT electronics such as wireless sensors, indoor organic photovoltaic devices (iOPVs), which can be driven under ambient indoor light, have recently attracted significant interest as self-sustainable eco-friendly power sources. iOPVs based on organic semiconductors have unique advantages, such as light weight, flexibility, solution processability, and feasibility of low-temperature mass production. Additionally, the spectral tunability and high optical absorptivity of organic semiconductors make iOPVs more effective as energy harvesters in indoor lighting environments. With recent intensive research effort, iOPVs have realized the delivery of high power conversion efficiencies exceeding 25% with output power densities of several tens to a hundred μW cm⁻², which are sufficient to drive various low-power electronics compatible with the IoT. This review article focuses on recent progress in iOPVs based on π-conjugated polymers and oligomeric materials and outlines their fundamental principles and characterization techniques.

随着可以收集、分析和利用来自我们的活动和周围环境的元数据的人工智能计算系统的进步，强烈需要建立由能量收集器支持的自供电电子系统/网络。随着无线传感器等现代物联网电子产品功耗的降低，可在室内环境光下驱动的室内有机光伏设备 (iOPV) 作为可自我维持的环保电源最近引起了人们的极大兴趣。基于有机半导体的iOPVs具有独特的优势，如重量轻、柔性好、溶液加工性好、低温量产的可行性等。此外，有机半导体的光谱可调性和高光吸收率使 iOPV 作为室内照明环境中的能量收集器更加有效。通过最近的深入研究，iOPV 已经实现了超过 25% 的高功率转换效率，输出功率密度为几十到一百 μW cm⁻²，足以驱动与物联网兼容的各种低功耗电子设备。这篇评论文章重点介绍了基于 π 共轭聚合物和低聚材料的 iOPV 的最新进展，并概述了它们的基本原理和表征技术。