Providing higher-intensity unpaid care (higher care hours or care within the household) is associated with negative impacts on people's paid employment, mental health and well-being. The evidence of effects on physical health is mixed and carer's social and financial outcomes have been under-researched. The biggest evidence gap, however, is on how outcomes vary by factors other than type or level of care provision, in particular socio-demographic factors. Our study used two waves of data (2017/19 and 2018/2020) from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study for people aged 16 and older. We investigated the effects of providing care for 10 or more hours a week or within the household in interaction with people's socio-demographic characteristics. Outcomes included mental and physical health, social isolation, employment status and earnings. We found that caring responsibilities interacted with gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status (as measured by highest educational qualification), or age to affect carers differentially in a number of areas of their lives leading to, and exacerbating, key disadvantages and inequalities.

中文翻译：

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无偿照顾者健康、就业状况和社会孤立方面的不平等

提供更高强度的无偿护理（更长的护理时间或家庭内的护理）会对人们的有偿就业、心理健康和福祉产生负面影响。对身体健康影响的证据好坏参半，而且照顾者的社会和财务结果研究不足。然而，最大的证据差距在于结果如何因护理提供的类型或水平以外的因素而变化，特别是社会人口因素。我们的研究使用了来自英国针对 16 岁及以上人群的家庭纵向研究的两波数据（2017/19 和 2018/2020）。我们调查了每周或在家庭内提供 10 小时或更长时间的护理与人们的社会人口特征相互作用的影响。结果包括身心健康、社会孤立、就业状况和收入。我们发现，照顾责任与性别、种族、社会经济地位（以最高学历衡量）或年龄相互作用，在照顾者生活的许多方面产生不同的影响，从而导致并加剧主要的劣势和不平等。