Pickering emulsions have gained increasing interest because of their unique features, including easy preparation and stability. In contrast to classical emulsions, in Pickering emulsions, the stabilisers are solid micro/nanoparticles that accumulate on the surfaces of liquid phases. In addition to their stability, Pickering emulsions are less toxic and responsive to external stimuli, which make them versatile material that can be flexibly designed for specific applications, e.g., catalysis, pharmaceuticals and new materials. The potential toxicity and adverse impact on the environment of classic emulsions is related to the extractable nature of the water emulsifier. The impacts of some emulsifiers are related to not only their chemical natures but also their stabilities; after base or acid hydrolysis, some emulsifiers can be turned into sulphates and fatty alcohols, which are dangerous to aquatic life. In this paper, recent research on Pickering emulsion preparations is reviewed, with a focus on styrene as one of the main emulsion components. Moreover, the effects of the particle type and morphology and the critical parameters of the emulsion production process on emulsion properties and applications are discussed. Furthermore, the current and prospective applications of Pickering emulsion, such as in lithium-ion batteries and new vaccines, are presented.

中文翻译：

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Pickering 乳液作为传统聚合物的替代品：趋势和应用

皮克林乳液因其独特的特性（包括易于制备和稳定性）而受到越来越多的关注。与经典乳液相比，在皮克林乳液中，稳定剂是聚集在液相表面的固体微/纳米颗粒。除了稳定性之外，皮克林乳液的毒性较低并且对外部刺激敏感，这使它们成为多功能材料，可以针对特定应用灵活设计，例如催化、药物和新材料。经典乳液的潜在毒性和对环境的不利影响与水乳化剂的可萃取性有关。一些乳化剂的影响不仅与它们的化学性质有关，还与它们的稳定性有关；碱或酸水解后，一些乳化剂会变成硫酸盐和脂肪醇，这对水生生物是危险的。本文综述了皮克林乳液制剂的最新研究，重点介绍了苯乙烯作为主要乳液成分之一。此外，还讨论了颗粒类型和形态以及乳液生产过程中的关键参数对乳液性能和应用的影响。此外，还介绍了皮克林乳液在锂离子电池和新疫苗等方面的当前和未来应用。讨论了颗粒类型和形态以及乳液生产过程中的关键参数对乳液性能和应用的影响。此外，还介绍了皮克林乳液在锂离子电池和新疫苗等方面的当前和未来应用。讨论了颗粒类型和形态以及乳液生产过程中的关键参数对乳液性能和应用的影响。此外，还介绍了皮克林乳液在锂离子电池和新疫苗等方面的当前和未来应用。