Biodiversity and Conservation ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10531-022-02499-2
Masoud Yousefi , Ahmad Mahmoudi , Somaye Vaissi , Anooshe Kafash
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Identifying historical drivers of biodiversity distribution patterns is a central issue in ecology and biogeography. Iran is a biodiversity-rich country in southwestern Asia. It is known that past events like climatic oscillations and mountains uplifting have had an outstanding impact on evolution, speciation, and diversification of biodiversity in the country. However, evidence of the impacts of past events on species distribution and genetic structure is sparse. Thus, in this paper, we have assembled the first review, combining results of different studies on different taxonomic groups (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and freshwater fishes) to identify the most important past events and geographical barriers that have shaped the current distribution patterns of vertebrate species and their genetic structure in Iran. We also presented the most comprehensive and updated checklist of vertebrate species of Iran. The vertebrates of Iran comprise 1317 species in 516 genera, 167 families, and 53 orders, of which 180 species (13.67% of total fauna) considered as endemic. By assessing 85 published papers we identified three major past events in Iran which are responsible for the current distribution patterns of vertebrate species and their genetic structure. These include mountain uplifting, past climatic oscillations, and sea level change. We also identified several geographical barriers which played a very critical role in shaping vertebrate species distribution patterns in Iran. The uplifting of the Zagros Mountains was the most important event that played a critical role in shaping the distribution and genetic structure of all vertebrate groups in Iran. Past climate change was found to be very influential in shaping species richness patterns, particularly reptile richness and genetic divergence patterns (Persian abstract presented in Online Resource 1).
中文翻译:
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伊朗脊椎动物的多样性、多样化和分布:山脉抬升、过去气候波动、海平面波动和地理障碍的遗产
识别生物多样性分布模式的历史驱动因素是生态学和生物地理学的核心问题。伊朗是亚洲西南部生物多样性丰富的国家。众所周知,过去的气候波动和山脉抬升等事件对该国生物多样性的进化、物种形成和多样化产生了显着影响。然而,过去事件对物种分布和遗传结构影响的证据很少。因此,在本文中,我们汇总了第一篇综述,结合了对不同分类群(哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和淡水鱼类)的不同研究结果,以确定影响当前最重要的过去事件和地理障碍伊朗脊椎动物物种的分布模式及其遗传结构。我们还介绍了伊朗脊椎动物最全面和最新的清单。伊朗脊椎动物包括167科53目516属1317种,其中180种(占动物群总数的13.67%)为特有种。通过评估 85 篇已发表的论文,我们确定了伊朗过去发生的三个主要事件,这些事件导致了脊椎动物物种的当前分布模式及其遗传结构。其中包括山体抬升、过去的气候波动和海平面变化。我们还确定了几个地理障碍,它们在塑造伊朗脊椎动物物种分布模式方面发挥了非常关键的作用。扎格罗斯山脉的隆起是最重要的事件,它在塑造伊朗所有脊椎动物群的分布和遗传结构方面发挥了关键作用。