Osteochondral repair remains a challenge in clinical practice nowadays despite extensive advances in tissue engineering. The insufficient recruitment of endogenous cells in the early stage and incomplete cell differentiation in the later stage constitute the major difficulty of osteochondral repair. Here, a novel all-silk-derived multifunctional biomaterial platform for osteochondral engineering is reported. The bilayer methacrylated silk fibroin (SilMA) hydrogel was fabricated through stratified photocuring as the basic provisional matrix for tissue regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) incorporation promoted the migration and pre-differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the early stage of implantation. The long-term regulation of BMSCs chondrogenesis and osteogenesis was realized by the stratified anchoring of the silk fibroin (SF) microspheres respectively loaded with Kartogenin (KGN) and berberine (BBR) in the hydrogel. The composite hydrogels were further demonstrated to promote BMSCs chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation under an inflammatory microenvironment and to achieve satisfying cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration with great biocompatibility after 8 weeks of implantation. Since all the components used are readily available and biocompatible and can be efficiently integrated via a simple process, this composite hydrogel scaffold has tremendous potential for clinical use in osteochondral regeneration.

尽管组织工程取得了广泛进展，但骨软骨修复在当今的临床实践中仍然是一个挑战。早期内源性细胞募集不足和后期细胞分化不完全构成了骨软骨修复的主要难点。在这里，报道了一种用于骨软骨工程的新型全丝衍生多功能生物材料平台。通过分层光固化制备双层甲基丙烯酸化丝素蛋白 (SilMA) 水凝胶作为组织再生的基本临时基质。富含血小板血浆（PRP）的掺入促进了骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在植入早期的迁移和预分化。BMSCs 软骨形成和成骨的长期调控是通过分层锚定在水凝胶中分别载有 Kartogenin (KGN) 和小檗碱 (BBR) 的丝素蛋白 (SF) 微球实现的。进一步证明复合水凝胶在炎症微环境下促进 BMSCs 软骨形成和成骨分化，并在植入 8 周后实现令人满意的软骨和软骨下骨再生，具有良好的生物相容性。由于所使用的所有组件都是现成的且具有生物相容性，并且可以通过简单的过程有效地集成，因此这种复合水凝胶支架在骨软骨再生的临床应用中具有巨大的潜力。进一步证明复合水凝胶在炎症微环境下促进 BMSCs 软骨形成和成骨分化，并在植入 8 周后实现令人满意的软骨和软骨下骨再生，具有良好的生物相容性。由于所使用的所有组件都是现成的且具有生物相容性，并且可以通过简单的过程有效地集成，因此这种复合水凝胶支架在骨软骨再生的临床应用中具有巨大的潜力。进一步证明复合水凝胶在炎症微环境下促进 BMSCs 软骨形成和成骨分化，并在植入 8 周后实现令人满意的软骨和软骨下骨再生，具有良好的生物相容性。由于所使用的所有组件都是现成的且具有生物相容性，并且可以通过简单的过程有效地集成，因此这种复合水凝胶支架在骨软骨再生的临床应用中具有巨大的潜力。