Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) have the potential to revolutionize the interface between our physical and digital worlds. Recent advances in digital processing, data transmission, optics, and display technologies offer new opportunities for ubiquitous AR/VR applications. The foundation of this revolution is based on AR/VR display systems with high image fidelity, compact formfactor, and high optical efficiency. In this review paper, we start by analyzing the human vision system and the architectures of AR/VR display systems and then manifest the main requirements for the light engines. Next, the working principles of six display light engines, namely transmissive liquid crystal display, reflective liquid-crystal-on-silicon microdisplay, digital light processing microdisplay, micro light-emitting-diode microdisplay, organic light-emitting-diode microdisplay, and laser beam scanning displays, are introduced. According to the characteristics of these light engines, the perspectives and challenges of each display technology are analyzed through five performance metrics, namely resolution density, response time, efficiency/brightness/lifetime, dynamic range, and compactness. Finally, potential solutions to overcoming these challenges are discussed.

中文翻译：

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AR/VR 光引擎：前景与挑战

增强现实 (AR) 和虚拟现实 (VR) 有可能彻底改变我们的物理世界和数字世界之间的界面。数字处理、数据传输、光学和显示技术的最新进展为无处不在的 AR/VR 应用提供了新的机会。这场革命的基础是基于具有高图像保真度、紧凑外形和高光学效率的 AR/VR 显示系统。在这篇评论文章中，我们首先分析了人类视觉系统和 AR/VR 显示系统的架构，然后阐明了对光引擎的主要要求。接下来介绍透射式液晶显示器、反射式硅基液晶微显示器、数字光处理微显示器、微型发光二极管微显示器六种显示光引擎的工作原理，介绍了有机发光二极管微型显示器和激光束扫描显示器。根据这些光引擎的特点，通过五个性能指标，即分辨率密度、响应时间、效率/亮度/寿命、动态范围和紧凑性，分析了每种显示技术的前景和挑战。最后，讨论了克服这些挑战的潜在解决方案。