Tuft cells are found in tissues with distinct stem cell compartments, tissue architecture, and luminal exposures but converge on a shared transcriptional program, including expression of taste transduction signaling pathways. Here, we summarize seminal and recent findings on tuft cells, focusing on major categories of function—instigation of type 2 cytokine responses, orchestration of antimicrobial responses, and emerging roles in tissue repair—and describe tuft cell–derived molecules used to affect these functional programs. We review what is known about the development of tuft cells from epithelial progenitors under homeostatic conditions and during disease. Finally, we discuss evidence that immature, or nascent, tuft cells with potential for diverse functions are driven toward dominant effector programs by tissue- or perturbation-specific contextual cues, which may result in heterogeneous mature tuft cell phenotypes both within and between tissues.

中文翻译：

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Tuft 细胞：保守细胞谱系的环境和组织特异性编程


簇状细胞存在于具有不同干细胞区室、组织结构和管腔暴露的组织中，但收敛于一个共享的转录程序，包括味觉转导信号通路的表达。在这里，我们总结了关于簇状细胞的开创性和最新发现，重点关注主要功能类别——2 型细胞因子反应的激发、抗菌反应的编排以及在组织修复中的新作用——并描述了用于影响这些功能程序的簇状细胞衍生分子。我们回顾了在稳态条件下和疾病期间上皮祖细胞簇状细胞发育的已知情况。最后，我们讨论了具有多种功能潜力的未成熟或新生簇状细胞被组织或扰动特异性环境线索驱使至显性效应程序的证据，这可能导致组织内部和组织之间出现异质性成熟簇状细胞表型。