Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effects in facilitating the adaptive immunity of codelivered antigens. However, the effect of the intrinsic properties of biomaterials on dendritic cells has not been clarified. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate and found that biomaterials that are nonadjuvant could also regulate the immune function of DCs and thus affect subsequent tissue regeneration. In the case of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces, their intrinsic properties can direct their orientation and conformation, forming “biomaterial-associated molecular patterns (BAMPs)”. Thus, in this review, we focused on the intrinsic physiochemical properties of biomaterials in the absence of antigens that affect DC immune function and summarized the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, we preliminarily clarified the specific composition of BAMPs and the interplay between some key molecules and DCs, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This review provides a new direction for future biomaterial design, through which modulation of host immune responses is applicable to tissue engineering and immunotherapy.

考虑到树突状细胞 (DC) 在免疫系统中连接先天免疫和适应性免疫的重要作用，对 DC 介导的生物材料免疫的研究主要集中在它们在促进共同传递抗原的适应性免疫方面的辅助作用上。然而，生物材料的固有特性对树突状细胞的影响尚未阐明。最近，研究人员开始研究发现，非佐剂性生物材料也可以调节DC的免疫功能，从而影响后续的组织再生。在蛋白质吸附到生物材料表面的情况下，它们的内在特性可以指导它们的方向和构象，形成“生物材料相关分子模式（BAMPs）”。因此，在本次审查中，我们专注于在不存在影响 DC 免疫功能的抗原的情况下生物材料的内在物理化学特性，并总结了潜在的信号通路。此外，我们初步阐明了 BAMP 的具体组成以及一些关键分子与 DC 之间的相互作用，例如热休克蛋白 (HSP) 和高迁移率族盒 1 (HMGB1)。这篇综述为未来的生物材料设计提供了一个新的方向，通过它调节宿主免疫反应适用于组织工程和免疫治疗。例如热休克蛋白 (HSP) 和高迁移率族蛋白 1 (HMGB1)。这篇综述为未来的生物材料设计提供了一个新的方向，通过它调节宿主免疫反应适用于组织工程和免疫治疗。例如热休克蛋白 (HSP) 和高迁移率族蛋白 1 (HMGB1)。这篇综述为未来的生物材料设计提供了一个新的方向，通过它调节宿主免疫反应适用于组织工程和免疫治疗。