Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are leading causes of long-term disability. It is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral injury are unable to use the denervated limb. Previous studies have focused on neuroprotective interventions in the affected hemisphere to limit brain lesions and neurorepair measures to promote recovery. However, the ability to increase plasticity in the injured brain is restricted and difficult to improve. Therefore, over several decades, researchers have been prompted to enhance the compensation by the unaffected hemisphere. Animal experiments have revealed that regrowth of ipsilateral descending fibers from the unaffected hemisphere to denervated motor neurons plays a significant role in the restoration of motor function. In addition, several clinical treatments have been designed to restore ipsilateral motor control, including brain stimulation, nerve transfer surgery, and brain–computer interface systems. Here, we comprehensively review the neural mechanisms as well as translational applications of ipsilateral motor control upon rehabilitation after CNS injuries.

中枢神经系统 (CNS) 损伤，包括中风、创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤，是导致长期残疾的主要原因。据估计，超过一半的严重单侧损伤幸存者无法使用去神经的肢体。以前的研究主要集中在受影响半球的神经保护干预措施上，以限制脑损伤和神经修复措施以促进恢复。然而，增加受伤大脑可塑性的能力是有限的，难以提高。因此，几十年来，研究人员一直被提示加强未受影响的半球的补偿。动物实验表明，从未受影响的半球到去神经运动神经元的同侧下行纤维的再生在运动功能的恢复中起着重要作用。此外，已经设计了几种临床治疗来恢复同侧运动控制，包括脑刺激、神经转移手术和脑机接口系统。在这里，我们全面回顾神经机制以及同侧运动控制在中枢神经系统损伤后康复中的转化应用。