Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC cells are geared toward rapid proliferation, requiring nutrients and the removal of cellular waste in nutrient-poor environments. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the primary cell of origin for CRCs, must adapt their metabolism along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence to the unique features of their complex microenvironment that include interactions with intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, stromal cells, commensal microbes, and dietary components. Emerging evidence implicates modifiable risk factors related to the environment, such as diet, as important in CRC pathogenesis. Here, we focus on describing the metabolism of ISCs, diets that influence CRC initiation, CRC genetics and metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment. The mechanistic links between environmental factors, metabolic adaptations, and the tumor microenvironment in enhancing or supporting CRC tumorigenesis are becoming better understood. Thus, greater knowledge of CRC metabolism holds promise for improved prevention and treatment.

中文翻译：

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代谢与结直肠癌


重编程代谢是结直肠癌 （CRC） 的标志。CRC 细胞面向快速增殖，需要营养物质并在营养贫乏的环境中去除细胞废物。肠道干细胞 （ISC） 是 CRC 的主要起源细胞，必须使其沿腺瘤-癌序列的代谢适应其复杂微环境的独特特征，包括与肠上皮细胞、免疫细胞、基质细胞、共生微生物和膳食成分的相互作用。新出现的证据表明，与环境相关的可改变风险因素（例如饮食）在 CRC 发病机制中很重要。在这里，我们重点描述了 ISCs 的代谢、影响 CRC 起始的饮食、CRC 遗传学和代谢以及肿瘤微环境。环境因素、代谢适应和肿瘤微环境在增强或支持 CRC 肿瘤发生方面的机制联系越来越被人们更好地理解。因此，对 CRC 代谢的更多了解有望改善预防和治疗。