To meet the larger-scale freshwater demand, it is necessary to develop advanced thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes with favorable separation performance and anti-fouling capacity. In this study, hydrophilic modified polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs) were synthesized by the co-polymerization of alkaline l-Arginine (Arg) with dopamine (DA). Subsequently, they were incorporated into the polyamide (PA) layer via in-situ interfacial polymerization (IP) to fabricate TFN membranes. The effect of different PDNPs loadings on the overall membrane physicochemical properties and performance was studied. The incorporation of PDNPs strengthened a heterogeneous network structure of the PA layer, with a denser front surface and loose interior structure. Compared to TFC-0 membranes, the optimal TFN-PDNPs-2 membranes demonstrated a water permanence of 4.33 L‧m⁻²‧h⁻¹‧bar⁻¹ (increased by 71.7%), a NaCl rejection of 98.4%, and an ultrahigh antibiotics (TCH) rejection of 99.9%. In addition, TFN membranes showed good stability under various conditions and enhanced anti-fouling properties. This work provides a useful guideline for designing advanced membranes for a wide range of water treatment applications.

为满足更大规模的淡水需求，有必要开发具有良好分离性能和抗污能力的先进薄膜纳米复合（TFN）膜。在这项研究中，通过碱性l-精氨酸 (Arg) 与多巴胺 (DA)的共聚合成了亲水性改性聚多巴胺纳米粒子 (PDNPs )。随后，它们通过原位结合到聚酰胺 (PA) 层中界面聚合（IP）制备TFN膜。研究了不同 PDNPs 负载量对整体膜物理化学性质和性能的影响。PDNPs的加入增强了PA层的异质网络结构，具有更密集的前表面和松散的内部结构。与 TFC-0 膜相比，最佳的 TFN-PDNPs-2 膜的水持久性为 4.33 L‧m ^-2 ‧h ^-1 ‧bar ^-1（增加 71.7%），NaCl 排斥率为 98.4%，超高抗生素 (TCH) 排斥率为 99.9%。此外，TFN膜在各种条件下均表现出良好的稳定性并增强了防污性能。这项工作为设计用于各种水处理应用的先进膜提供了有用的指导。