3-Chloroallyl alcohol (3-CAA) can be found in the environment following the application of plant protection products. 3-CAA is formed in groundwater following the injection of 1,3-dichloropropene, a fumigant used to control nematodes. 3-CAA is also formed, in leafy crops, as a glycoside conjugate following application of the herbicide, clethodim. Human exposure may occur from groundwater used as drinking water or through dietary consumption. To characterize 3-CAA's potential to cause genotoxicity in mammals, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. 3-CAA was negative in an Ames test and positive in a mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. 3-CAA was negative in an acute in vivo CD-1 mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay when administered up to a dose level of 125 mg/kg/day for two consecutive days. In a combined gene mutation assay and erythrocyte micronucleus assay, using transgenic Big Blue® Fischer 344 rats, 3-CAA was administered via drinking water at targeted dose levels of 0, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day for 29 days. Peripheral blood samples, collected at the end of treatment, were analyzed for micronucleus induction in reticulocytes using flow cytometry. Liver and bone marrow samples, collected 2 days after the termination of the treatment, were analyzed for the induction of mutations at the cII locus. 3-CAA did not induce an increase in mutant frequency or micronuclei under the experimental conditions. In conclusion, the mutagenic response observed in the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay is not confirmed in the whole animal. 3-CAA is not considered to pose a mutagenic risk.

中文翻译：

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3-氯代烯丙醇的遗传毒性潜力的体外和体内评估

应用植物保护产品后，环境中会发现 3-氯代烯丙醇 (3-CAA)。注入 1,3-二氯丙烯（一种用于控制线虫的熏蒸剂）后，地下水中会形成 3-CAA。在多叶作物中，3-CAA 也会在施用除草剂烯草酮后作为糖苷结合物形成。人类接触可能来自用作饮用水的地下水或通过饮食消费。为了表征 3-CAA 在哺乳动物中引起遗传毒性的潜力，进行了体外和体内研究。3-CAA 在 Ames 试验中呈阴性，在小鼠淋巴瘤正向突变试验中呈阳性。当连续两天给予高达 125 mg/kg/天的剂量水平时，3-CAA 在急性体内 CD-1 小鼠骨髓微核测定中呈阴性。在联合基因突变测定和红细胞微核测定中，使用转基因 Big Blue® Fischer 344 大鼠，通过饮用水以 0、10、30 和 100 mg/kg/天的目标剂量水平给予 3-CAA，持续 29 天。使用流式细胞术分析在治疗结束时收集的外周血样本以检测网织红细胞中的微核诱导。治疗结束后 2 天收集的肝脏和骨髓样本，用于分析在cII轨迹。在实验条件下，3-CAA 不会引起突变频率或微核的增加。总之，在体外小鼠淋巴瘤试验中观察到的诱变反应并未在整只动物中得到证实。3-CAA 不被认为具有致突变风险。