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Net clinical benefit of DOACs vs. usual anticoagulation treatment in venous thromboembolism and active cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s11239-022-02717-2
Helena Michalopoulou 1 , Dimitris Polyzos 2 , Costas Thomopoulos 3 , George Makavos 1 , George-Aggelos Papamikroulis 1 , Alexandrina Nikova 4, 5 , George Ε Zakynthinos 1 , Michail Vavouranakis 6 , Gerasimos Siasos 1 , Emmanouil Vavouranakis 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

Patients with active cancer are at high risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Usual treatment includes low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), while vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have also been used as substitutes for LMWH. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are considered a beneficial alternative to the usual treatment but are accompanied by an increased rate of bleeding compared to LMWH. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the benefits and harms under a common denomination, namely the net clinical benefit (NCB), between DOACs and usual anticoagulation. The primary outcome was NCB-1, defined as non-fatal VTE, major non-fatal bleedings, and all-cause mortality). Co-primary outcomes were 1) NCB-2 (i.e., NCB-1 and clinically relevant non-major bleedings) and 2) NCB-3 (i.e., fatal or non-fatal VTE and major bleedings). A random-effects model was used to calculate outcome risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews identification number CRD42021284238. We selected 8 studies (n = 4,4461 patients; mean follow-up, 6 months). The NCB-1 and -2 were not different between DOACs and usual anticoagulation, while the NCB-3 showed a reduction of 28% (95% CI, 10–42%), favoring DOACs. Recurrent VTE was reduced by 40% (95% CI, 25–53%) with DOACs than the usual treatment. Different bleeding outcomes and all-cause mortality were not different between treatments. All primary outcomes did not differ between DOACs and LMWH, while NCB-2 and NCB-3 were reduced with DOACs than VKAs. The NCB of DOACs was similar or more favorable to usual anticoagulation in patients with active cancer due to a substantial reduction of VTE and no bleeding excess.

Graphical Abstract



中文翻译:

DOACs 与常规抗凝治疗在静脉血栓栓塞和活动性癌症中的净临床获益:系统评价和荟萃分析

摘要

患有活动性癌症的患者复发性静脉血栓栓塞症 (VTE) 的风险很高。通常的治疗包括低分子肝素 (LMWH),而维生素 K 拮抗剂 (VKA) 也被用作 LMWH 的替代品。直接口服抗凝剂 (DOAC) 被认为是常规治疗的有益替代方法,但与 LMWH 相比,出血率增加。我们进行了一项荟萃分析,以评估 DOAC 与常规抗凝治疗之间在共同命名下的益处和危害,即净临床益处 (NCB)。主要结果是 NCB-1,定义为非致命性静脉血栓栓塞症、大的非致命性出血和全因死亡率)。共同主要结局是 1) NCB-2(即 NCB-1 和临床相关的非大出血)和 2) NCB-3(即致命或非致命 VTE 和大出血)。使用随机效应模型计算结果风险比和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。系统评价前瞻性登记册标识号 CRD42021284238。我们选择了 8 项研究(n = 4,4461 名患者;平均随访 6 个月)。NCB-1 和 -2 在 DOAC 和常规抗凝治疗之间没有差异,而 NCB-3 显示减少 28%(95% CI,10-42%),有利于 DOAC。与常规治疗相比,DOACs 的复发性 VTE 减少了 40%(95% CI,25-53%)。不同的出血结局和全因死亡率在治疗之间没有差异。所有主要结果在 DOAC 和 LMWH 之间没有差异,而 NCB-2 和 NCB-3 与 VKA 相比,DOAC 减少 我们选择了 8 项研究(n = 4,4461 名患者;平均随访 6 个月)。NCB-1 和 -2 在 DOAC 和常规抗凝治疗之间没有差异,而 NCB-3 显示减少 28%(95% CI,10-42%),有利于 DOAC。与常规治疗相比,DOACs 的复发性 VTE 减少了 40%(95% CI,25-53%)。不同的出血结局和全因死亡率在治疗之间没有差异。所有主要结果在 DOAC 和 LMWH 之间没有差异,而 NCB-2 和 NCB-3 与 VKA 相比,DOAC 减少 我们选择了 8 项研究(n = 4,4461 名患者;平均随访 6 个月)。NCB-1 和 -2 在 DOAC 和常规抗凝治疗之间没有差异,而 NCB-3 显示减少 28%(95% CI,10-42%),有利于 DOAC。与常规治疗相比,DOACs 的复发性 VTE 减少了 40%(95% CI,25-53%)。不同的出血结局和全因死亡率在治疗之间没有差异。所有主要结果在 DOAC 和 LMWH 之间没有差异,而 NCB-2 和 NCB-3 与 VKA 相比,DOAC 减少 不同的出血结局和全因死亡率在治疗之间没有差异。所有主要结果在 DOAC 和 LMWH 之间没有差异,而 NCB-2 和 NCB-3 与 VKA 相比,DOAC 减少 不同的出血结局和全因死亡率在治疗之间没有差异。所有主要结果在 DOAC 和 LMWH 之间没有差异,而 NCB-2 和 NCB-3 与 VKA 相比,DOAC 减少. 由于 VTE 显着减少且无出血过多,DOAC 的 NCB 与活动性癌症患者的常规抗凝治疗相似或更有利。

图形概要

更新日期:2022-10-29
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