An efficient, reproducible, and unprecedented protocol of somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed from leaf tissues of adult plants of Euterpe precatoria Mart., palm tree of the Amazon biome of great economic potential. For callus induction, immature leaf segments from the proximal (closest to the meristem), median and distal regions of the palm heart were cultivated in MS and Y3 basal media containing Picloram or 2,4-D auxins in different concentrations. The effect of combining cytokinin 2iP (45 µM) with Picloram or 2,4-D (450 µM) was also evaluated, in addition to the palm heart region and basal media. The multiplication of embryogenic structures was carried out in basal media with a reduced concentration of growth regulators. For somatic embryos maturation, the following were tested: MS medium with reduced concentration of salts (half-strength MS); basal MS + 5 µM abscisic acid (ABA); basal MS + 25 g L^-1 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000; basal MS + 60 g L^-1 sucrose and basal MS + 2.5 µM ABA + 12.5 g L^-1 PEG 6000. Mature somatic embryos were then inoculated at half-strength MS for germination. Anatomical and histochemical analyses of materials from the different phases of the process were performed. Higher efficiency of the MS medium with 450 µM Picloram and 45 µM 2iP was observed in the induction of callogenesis, with the formation of somatic embryos still in this phase. The apical and median regions were the most responsive for callus formation. The rate of proliferation of embryogenic structures was high and remained up to 180 d in the multiplication medium. The maturation treatments are efficient. Specifically, the treatment basal MS + 2.5 µM ABA + 12.5 g L^-1 PEG 6000 provided greater individualization of somatic embryos. After 30 d in the germination medium, complete germination was verified. Anatomical analyses revealed evidence of unicellular origin. This study provides a first protocol capable of promoting the vegetative propagation from leaf tissues of Euterpe precatoria by SE.

从Euterpe precatoria成年植物的叶组织中开发了一种高效、可重复且前所未有的体细胞胚胎发生 (SE) 方案Mart.，亚马逊生物群落的棕榈树，具有巨大的经济潜力。对于愈伤组织诱导，棕榈心近端（最靠近分生组织）、中部和远端区域的未成熟叶段在含有不同浓度毒莠定或 2,4-D 生长素的 MS 和 Y3 基础培养基中培养。除了手掌心区和基底培养基外，还评估了将细胞分裂素 2iP (45 µM) 与 Picloram 或 2,4-D (450 µM) 组合的效果。胚胎发生结构的增殖是在生长调节剂浓度降低的基础培养基中进行的。对于体细胞胚胎的成熟，测试了以下： 盐浓度降低的 MS 培养基（半强度 MS）；基础 MS + 5 µM 脱落酸 (ABA)；基础 MS + 25 g L ^-1聚乙二醇 (PEG) 6000；基础 MS + 60 g L^-1蔗糖和基础 MS + 2.5 µM ABA + 12.5 g L ^-1 PEG 6000。然后以半强度 MS 接种成熟的体细胞胚以进行萌发。对来自该过程不同阶段的材料进行了解剖学和组织化学分析。450 µM Picloram 和 45 µM 2iP 的 MS 培养基在诱导愈伤组织形成中的效率更高，而体细胞胚胎的形成仍处于此阶段。顶端和中部区域对愈伤组织形成最敏感。胚胎发生结构的增殖率很高，在增殖培养基中保持长达 180 天。成熟处理是有效的。具体来说，治疗基础 MS + 2.5 µM ABA + 12.5 g L ^-1PEG 6000 提供了更大的体细胞胚胎个体化。在发芽培养基中30 d后，验证完全发芽。解剖分析揭示了单细胞起源的证据。本研究提供了第一个能够通过 SE促进Euterpe precatoria叶组织无性繁殖的方案。