Regenerable sensor based on tris(4,7′-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium (II) for anodic and cathodic electrochemiluminescence applications,Bioelectrochemistry

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Regenerable sensor based on tris(4,7′-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium (II) for anodic and cathodic electrochemiluminescence applications
Bioelectrochemistry ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108313
Saima Hanif ₁ , Zhiyong Dong ₂ , Peter John ₃ , Abubakar Abdussalam ₄ , Pan Hui ₅ , Dmytro Snizhko ₆ , Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa ₇ , Guobao Xu ₂ , Shaojun Dong ₂

Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China; Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab 44000, Pakistan.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, PR China.
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China; Laboratory of Analytical Optochemotronics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics, Kharkiv 61066, Ukraine.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.

Tris(4,7′-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) dichloride [Ru(dpp)₃²⁺] was used for the first time to construct a regenerable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. The Ru(dpp)₃²⁺-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) showed several unique features in comparison with commonly studied Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-modified electrodes. On the one hand, a quite reversible reduction peak was observed at −0.96 V where no obvious hydrogen evolution occured, enabling the sensitive detection of S₂O₈²⁻. Moreover, our proposed S₂O₈²⁻ sensor showed a good linear range from 3 × 10⁻⁹ to 3 × 10⁻⁴ M with a detection limit of 2 nM, indicating higher sensitivity for the same analyte than previously reported ECL methods by about two orders of magnitude. On the other hand, the Ru(dpp)₃²⁺-modified electrode showed an irreversible oxidation peak because electrogenerated Ru(dpp)₃³⁺ is very reactive in aqueous solutions, while Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-modified electrode showed a reversible oxidation peak. Moreover, the present sensor showed a good linear range from 10⁻⁷ M to 10⁻³ M for oxalate with a detection limit of 60 nM. It detected oxalate in urine samples with nice recoveries. The regenerable ECL sensor presented good characteristics, such as low cost, simple fabrication procedure and fast response time. The Ru(dpp)₃²⁺ based regenerable sensor is an attractive alternative to Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-based regenerable sensor, as it can be used for both anodic and cathodic ECL analysis with high sensitivity in aqueous media.

中文翻译：

基于三（4,7'-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉）钌 (II) 的可再生传感器，用于阳极和阴极电化学发光应用

三（4,7'-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉）二氯化钌[Ru(dpp) ₃²⁺ ]首次用于构建可再生电化学发光（ECL）传感器。_{与通常研究的 Ru(bpy) 3}²⁺改性电极相比， Ru(dpp) ₃²⁺改性碳糊电极 (CPE) 显示出几个独特的特征。一方面，在-0.96 V处观察到一个完全可逆的还原峰，其中没有发生明显的析氢，从而能够灵敏地检测S ₂ O ₈^2-。此外，我们提出的 S ₂ O ₈^{2−传感器显示出从 3 × 10}⁻⁹的良好线性范围到 3 × 10 ^-4 M，检测限为 2 nM，表明对于相同分析物的灵敏度比以前报道的 ECL 方法高约两个数量级。另一方面，Ru(dpp) ₃²⁺修饰电极显示出不可逆氧化峰，因为电生成的 Ru(dpp) ₃³⁺在水溶液中非常活泼，而 Ru(bpy) ₃²⁺修饰电极显示出可逆氧化峰此外，本传感器显示出从 10 ^-7 M 到 10 ^{-3的良好线性范围}M 代表草酸盐，检测限为 60 nM。它检测到尿样中的草酸盐，回收率很高。可再生ECL传感器具有成本低、制造工艺简单、响应时间快等优点。基于 Ru(dpp) ₃^{2+的可再生传感器是基于 Ru(bpy)}₃²⁺的可再生传感器的有吸引力的替代品，因为它可用于在水性介质中具有高灵敏度的阳极和阴极 ECL 分析。

更新日期：2022-10-26

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