刺棘鱼(Gasterosteus aculeatus) 是研究脊椎动物形态演化的重要模型。棘鱼栖息在北半球的淡水、半咸水和海洋水域。尽管海洋环境在区域和地方尺度上有所不同,但假定溯河和海洋种群(以下简称海洋种群)在形态上与祖先的海洋刺鱼保持不变。最近的研究表明,海洋种群中存在遗传和表型结构,但这种变异的规模及其生态原因仍不清楚。我们的目标是评估不列颠哥伦比亚省南部 (BC) 周围海洋刺鱼种群的形态特征变异,并确定海洋学和栖息地特征是否与这种变异相关。2019 年 5 月至 7 月期间,我们从温哥华岛周围的 15 个地点采样了 534 只棘鱼,一个以多样化的海洋学和栖息地特征为特征的区域。我们使用二维 (2D) 几何形态分析来表征特征变异,比较海洋区域和栖息地之间的个体。我们专注于头部和身体形状。我们发现海洋刺鱼在不同地区和栖息地之间的形态存在差异,但这种差异似乎与环境差异无关。性别二态性是变异的最大来源,但海洋学和栖息地变量影响了两性之间的差异。我们得出结论,海洋棘鱼为扩展我们对形态学驱动因素的知识提供了丰富的机会。我们使用二维 (2D) 几何形态分析来表征特征变异,比较海洋区域和栖息地之间的个体。我们专注于头部和身体形状。我们发现海洋刺鱼在不同地区和栖息地之间的形态存在差异,但这种差异似乎与环境差异无关。性别二态性是变异的最大来源,但海洋学和栖息地变量影响了两性之间的差异。我们得出结论,海洋棘鱼为扩展我们对形态学驱动因素的知识提供了丰富的机会。我们使用二维 (2D) 几何形态分析来表征特征变异,比较海洋区域和栖息地之间的个体。我们专注于头部和身体形状。我们发现海洋刺鱼在不同地区和栖息地之间的形态存在差异,但这种差异似乎与环境差异无关。性别二态性是变异的最大来源,但海洋学和栖息地变量影响了两性之间的差异。我们得出结论,海洋棘鱼为扩展我们对形态学驱动因素的知识提供了丰富的机会。但变异似乎与环境变异无关。性别二态性是变异的最大来源,但海洋学和栖息地变量影响了两性之间的差异。我们得出结论,海洋棘鱼为扩展我们对形态学驱动因素的知识提供了丰富的机会。但变异似乎与环境变异无关。性别二态性是变异的最大来源,但海洋学和栖息地变量影响了两性之间的差异。我们得出结论,海洋棘鱼为扩展我们对形态学驱动因素的知识提供了丰富的机会。
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Characterizing phenotypic diversity in marine populations of the threespine stickleback
The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an important model for studying the evolution of vertebrate morphology. Sticklebacks inhabit freshwater, brackish, and marine northern hemisphere waters. Anadromous and marine populations (hereafter marine) are assumed to have remained unchanged morphologically from ancestral marine sticklebacks, despite marine environments varying on regional and local scales. Recent studies suggest that genetic and phenotypic structure exists in marine populations, yet the scale of this variation, and its ecological causes remain unclear. Our goal was to assess morphological trait variation in marine stickleback populations around Southern British Columbia (BC) and determine if oceanographic and habitat characteristics were associated with this variation. Between May–July 2019, we sampled 534 sticklebacks from 15 sites around Vancouver Island, a region characterized by a large diversity of oceanographic and habitat features. We characterized trait variation using two-dimensional (2D) geometric morphometric analysis, comparing individuals between oceanographic regions and habitats. We focused on head and body shape. We found that marine sticklebacks varied morphologically among and between regions and habitats, but the variation did not appear to be related to environmental variation. Sexual dimorphism was the largest source of variation, but oceanographic and habitat variables influenced differences between sexes. We concluded that marine sticklebacks offer abundant opportunities for expanding our knowledge of drivers of morphology.