用于癌症治疗的近红外吸收半导体聚合物纳米药物,WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology

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用于癌症治疗的近红外吸收半导体聚合物纳米药物
WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology ( IF 6.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 , DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1865
Meng Li ₁ , Ming Zhao ₂ , Jingchao Li ₁

Affiliation

半导体聚合物纳米颗粒（SPNs）作为一种新型有机光学纳米材料，具有良好的光学特性和光稳定性、毒性低、制备工艺相对简单等优点。特别是，近红外（NIR）吸收型 SPN 在生物医学领域显示出巨大的前景。除了用作分子成像的纳米探针外，这些 SPN 还可以在近红外光的刺激下产生局部热量和活性氧，分别允许光热疗法 (PTT) 和光动力疗法 (PDT)。在此，我们总结了基于 SPN 的纳米药物用于癌症治疗的最新进展。强调了用于增强 PTT、PDT 或组合 PTT/PDT 的 SPN 的合理设计，以实现肿瘤组织的有效消融。通过将SPNs与其他治疗元件（如化疗药物和免疫治疗药物）负载/偶联，可以实现光疗联合化疗或免疫治疗，对此进行了讨论。特别是，介绍了用于近红外光活化化疗和免疫治疗的基于 SPN 的纳米药物的构建，并举例介绍了具有代表性的例子。最后，我们讨论了 SPN 在生物医学应用中当前面临的挑战和关键问题，并对其未来的临床转化进行了展望。

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Near-infrared absorbing semiconducting polymer nanomedicines for cancer therapy

As a new type of organic optical nanomaterials, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have the advantages of good optical characteristics and photostability, low toxicity concerns, and relatively simple preparation processes. Particularly, near-infrared (NIR) absorbing SPNs have shown a great promise in biomedicine. In addition to acting as nanoprobes for molecular imaging, these SPNs can produce local heat and reactive oxygen species with the stimulation of NIR light, allowing photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), respectively. Herein, we summarize the recent development of SPN-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy. The rational designs of SPNs for enhanced PTT, PDT, or combinational PTT/PDT to achieve effective ablation of tumor tissues are highlighted. Via loading/conjugating SPNs with other therapeutic elements (such as chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapeutic agents), phototherapy-combined chemotherapy or immunotherapy can be realized, which is then discussed. In especial, the constructions of SPN-based nanomedicines for NIR photoactivatable chemotherapy and immunotherapy are introduced with representative examples. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and key concerns of SPNs for their biomedical applications and give an outlook for their future clinical translation.

更新日期：2022-10-25

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