Identifying units for appropriate management and conservation of rare species is an important and challenging process, and population genetics can inform this decision making. Using Phlox hirsuta, a rare species restricted to serpentine soils in Northern California and with a geographic range of less than 15 km, we examined genetic variation within and among populations, using tunable Genotyping-by-Sequencing (tGBS) to generate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as 11 microsatellite loci, to identify population structure, patterns of migration and selection, and units for conservation. Multiple methods recognized three geographically structured population clusters. The species has undergone a recent genetic bottleneck, and the increase in population size may be influenced by the changing climate. Patterns of gene flow are greater from south to north than in the opposite direction. Some of the genes under selection are putatively involved in adaptation to edaphic conditions, and genes under selection differ among the populations. Four population units were identified as suitable for conservation purposes based on various partitions of the SNPs.

确定适当管理和保护稀有物种的单位是一个重要且具有挑战性的过程，种群遗传学可以为这一决策提供信息。使用Phlox hirsuta，一种仅限于加利福尼亚北部蛇纹石土壤且地理范围小于 15 公里的稀有物种，我们使用可调谐基因分型测序 (tGBS) 来检测种群内部和种群之间的遗传变异，以产生单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 作为以及 11 个微卫星位点，以确定种群结构、迁移和选择模式以及保护单位。多种方法识别了三个地理结构的人口集群。该物种最近经历了遗传瓶颈，种群规模的增加可能受到气候变化的影响。基因流动模式从南到北比相反方向更大。一些被选择的基因假定参与了对土壤条件的适应，和被选择的基因在人群中是不同的。根据 SNP 的不同划分，四个种群单位被确定为适合保护目的。