Recently, the nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) processes have become a research hotspot in the field of wastewater treatment. The n-DAMO processes could not only mitigate direct and indirect carbon emissions from wastewater treatment plants but also strengthen biological nitrogen removal. However, the applications of n-DAMO-based biotechnologies face practical difficulties mainly caused by the distinctive properties of n-DAMO microorganisms and the limited/availability of methane with poor solubility. In this sense, the choice of bioreactors will play important roles that influence the growth and functioning of n-DAMO microorganisms, thus enabling dedicated development of the n-DAMO processes and efficient applications of n-DAMO-based biotechnologies. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the three commonly-applied types of bioreactors, covering the individual working principle and state-of-the-art removal performance of nitrogen as well as dissolved methane observed when adopted for n-DAMO-based biotechnologies. With noted limitations for each bioreactor type, several key perspectives were proposed which hopefully would inspire future investigation and practical applications of the n-DAMO processes.

近年来，硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐依赖型厌氧甲烷氧化（n-DAMO）工艺已成为废水处理领域的研究热点。n-DAMO 工艺不仅可以减少废水处理厂的直接和间接碳排放，还可以加强生物脱氮。然而，基于 n-DAMO 的生物技术的应用面临着实际困难，这主要是由于 n-DAMO 微生物的独特性质和溶解度差的甲烷的有限/可用性。从这个意义上说，生物反应器的选择将在影响 n-DAMO 微生物的生长和功能方面发挥重要作用，从而实现 n-DAMO 过程的专门开发和基于 n-DAMO 的生物技术的有效应用。所以，本文旨在讨论三种常用类型的生物反应器，涵盖各自的工作原理和最先进的氮去除性能以及在基于 n-DAMO 的生物技术中观察到的溶解甲烷。由于每种生物反应器类型都有明显的局限性，因此提出了几个关键观点，希望能激发 n-DAMO 过程的未来研究和实际应用。