<br>塑料污染在海湾生态系统中的发生、物种形成和生态效应,Science of the Total Environment

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塑料污染在海湾生态系统中的发生、物种形成和生态效应
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159601
Yifan Tong ₁ , Lin Lin ₁ , Yi Tao ₁ , Yuxiong Huang ₁ , Xiaoshan Zhu ₂

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海湾是生态系统中独特的一部分，是海洋和陆地系统的交汇处，是各种生物有机体的栖息地。塑料的普遍应用导致大量塑料垃圾释放和积累在海湾生态系统中，对生态造成重大影响。因此，彻底了解塑料污染在海湾生态系统中的发生、物种形成和生态影响至关重要。我们对海湾生态系统中塑料的来源和分布，以及相关的生态影响进行了全面审查，从个体毒性到生态系统中的营养转移。在全球湾区中，海水中微塑料的浓度从 0.01 到 3.62 × 105 物品/立方米不等，沉积物中微塑料的浓度从 0 到 6.75 × 105 物品/公斤不等。小尺寸塑料颗粒（主要为 <2 mm）在海湾生物中广泛报道，浓度范围为 0 至 22.5 项/ind。此外，塑料对海洋生物的毒性在死亡率、生长、发育、繁殖、酶活性和转录方面也有记录。由于小塑料颗粒（例如微米和纳米尺度）的丰度远大于海湾生态系统中的大塑料碎片，因此需要在环境现实条件下对小尺寸塑料进行深入的风险评估。我们的综述可以更好地了解海湾生态系统中塑料污染的发生、物种形成和生态影响。

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The occurrence, speciation, and ecological effect of plastic pollution in the bay ecosystems

Bay is a unique part of the ecosystem, acting as the intersection for marine and terrestrial systems and hosting diverse biological organisms. The ubiquitous application of plastics has resulted in a massive amount of plastic waste released and accumulated in the bay ecosystem, posing significant ecological effects. Thus, thoroughly understanding plastic pollution's occurrence, speciation, and ecological effect in the bay ecosystems is of vital importance. We conducted a comprehensive review on the sources and distribution of plastics in the bay ecosystem, and the associate ecological effects, from individual toxicity to trophic transfer in ecosystems. Among bay areas around the world, the concentrations of microplastics vary from 0.01 to 3.62 × 105 item/m3 in seawater and 0 to 6.75 × 105 item/kg in sediment. Small-sized plastic particles (mostly <2 mm) were widely reported in bay organisms with the concentration range of 0 to 22.5 item/ind. Besides, the toxicity of plastics on marine organisms has been documented in terms of mortality, growth, development, reproduction, enzyme activity and transcription. Since abundance of small plastic particles (e.g., micro- and nano-scale) is far greater than large plastic debris in the bay ecosystems, in-depth risk assessment of small-sized plastics needs to be conducted under environmentally realistic conditions. Our review could provide a better understanding on the occurrence, speciation, and ecological effect of plastic pollution in the bay ecosystems.

更新日期：2022-10-22

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