Abstract

The effect of adding maleinized low-molecular-mass polybutadiene rubber on the structure and mechanical properties of polyamide 6 and its composites with the initial and organophilized montmorillonite was studied. The composites were prepared by compounding in a melt in a two-worm extruder. Specimens for the studies were prepared by pressure casting. The structure and properties of the composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and mechanical tests. Modification of the polyamide by adding maleinized rubber increases the strength, the tensile and bending elastic moduli, the extension stress, and the relative elongation at break. Structural changes are manifested in a decrease in the melt flow index by 2 orders of magnitude and in the mechanical loss tangent at temperatures exceeding the glass transition point. These changes suggest an increase in the molecular mass of the polymer. When montmorillonite and maleinized rubber are added jointly, the character of changes in the rheological and strength characteristics of the nanocomposites is similar to that observed in modification of unfilled polyamide 6. According to the data of X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, in processing of melts of the modified composites the degrees of the clay exfoliation and of the clay particle orientation increase. This ensures an additional increase in the bending elastic modulus and bending strength compared to the corresponding tensile characteristics due to predominantly normal orientation of clay particles relative to the bending stress.

中文翻译：

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引入马来化低分子量聚丁二烯橡胶增强聚酰胺6及其蒙脱石复合材料

摘要

研究了添加马来化低分子量聚丁二烯橡胶对聚酰胺6及其与初始和有机化蒙脱土复合材料的结构和力学性能的影响。复合材料是通过在双蜗杆挤出机中以熔体混合来制备的。用于研究的样品是通过压力铸造制备的。通过差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射分析、动态力学分析和力学试验研究了复合材料的结构和性能。通过添加马来化橡胶对聚酰胺进行改性可提高强度、拉伸和弯曲弹性模量、拉伸应力和相对断裂伸长率。结构变化表现为熔体流动指数下降 2 个数量级，并且在超过玻璃化转变温度的温度下机械损耗角正切下降。这些变化表明聚合物的分子量增加。当蒙脱土和马来化橡胶共同添加时，纳米复合材料的流变和强度特性变化特征与未填充聚酰胺6改性观察到的相似。根据X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜数据，在改性复合材料熔体的加工增加了粘土剥落的程度和粘土颗粒取向的程度。