Focusing on the symbolism of the Hagia Sophia for the conservative nationalist movement, this article examines the emergence of Ottomanism as an attempted challenge to the Kemalist reading of Ottoman history. The Hagia Sophia, the former imperial church that was converted into a mosque by Sultan Mehmed ii and served as the imperial mosque of the Ottomans, lost its religious function and was opened as a museum in 1934 by governmental decision. This ‘secularization’ of the building could be openly criticized especially after the transition to multiparty democracy in the late 1940s. Demands for reconverting the museum into a mosque were gradually transformed into public campaigns led by the protagonists of the conservative nationalist movement. This article analyses these campaigns as reflected in the printed press from the 1950s onwards and explores how the Hagia Sophia has since been instrumentalized for the reproduction of a xenophobic, anti-Western, Islamic and Ottomanist nationalism.

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“圣索菲亚大教堂事业”和 1950 年代奥斯曼主义的兴起

本文着眼于圣索菲亚大教堂对保守民族主义运动的象征意义，将奥斯曼主义的出现视为对凯末尔主义对奥斯曼历史解读的企图挑战。圣索非亚大教堂，前帝国教堂，由苏丹穆罕默德改建为清真寺二并作为奥斯曼帝国的皇家清真寺，失去了宗教功能，并于 1934 年由政府决定作为博物馆开放。这种建筑的“世俗化”可能会受到公开批评，尤其是在 20 世纪 40 年代后期向多党民主过渡之后。将博物馆改建为清真寺的要求逐渐转变为由保守民族主义运动的主角领导的公共运动。本文分析了 1950 年代以来印刷媒体所反映的这些运动，并探讨了圣索菲亚大教堂是如何被利用来再现仇外、反西方、伊斯兰和奥斯曼民族主义的。