Many theories of rational action are predicated on the idea that what it is rational to do in a given situation depends, in part, on what it is rational to believe in that situation. In short: they treat epistemic rationality as explanatorily prior to practical rationality. If they are right in doing so, it follows, on pain of explanatory circularity, that epistemic rationality cannot itself be a form of practical rationality. Yet, many epistemologists have defended just such a view of epistemic rationality. According to them, there is no such thing as a distinctively epistemic form of rationality which could be explanatorily prior to practical rationality. Rather, they maintain, there is just one form of rationality—practical rationality—of which epistemic rationality is a species. What to make of this conflict? The aim of this paper is to motivate a view about the relationship between epistemic and practical rationality which resolves the conflict in a way that should be attractive to both sides. The central idea is to ground both epistemic and practical rationality in an independently motivated notion of evidential probability which is itself to be understood in non-normative terms. Doing so, I argue, allows us to unify epistemic and practical rationality in a way that does justice to the idea that what it is rational to do depends, in part, on what it is rational to believe; and to do so in a way that avoids explanatory circularity.

中文翻译：

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统一认识理性与实践理性

许多理性行为理论都基于这样一种观点，即在特定情况下做什么是理性的，部分取决于在那种情况下相信什么是理性的。简而言之：他们将认知理性视为先于实践理性的解释性理性。如果他们这样做是正确的，那么由于解释循环的痛苦，认知理性本身不能成为实践理性的一种形式。然而，许多认识论者为这种认识理性的观点辩护。根据他们的观点，没有一种独特的理性认识形式可以解释性地先于实践理性。相反，他们坚持认为，只有一种形式的理性——实践理性——认知理性是其中的一种。怎么解决这个冲突？本文的目的是激发一种关于认知理性与实践理性之间关系的观点，以一种对双方都有吸引力的方式解决冲突。中心思想是将认知理性和实践理性建立在一个独立动机的证据概率概念中，该概念本身可以用非规范性术语来理解。我认为，这样做可以让我们统一认识理性和实践理性，以一种公正的方式，即理性地去做的事情部分取决于相信什么是理性的。并以一种避免解释循环的方式这样做。中心思想是将认知理性和实践理性建立在一个独立动机的证据概率概念中，该概念本身可以用非规范性术语来理解。我认为，这样做可以让我们统一认识理性和实践理性，以一种公正的方式，即理性地去做的事情部分取决于相信什么是理性的。并以一种避免解释循环的方式这样做。中心思想是将认知理性和实践理性建立在一个独立动机的证据概率概念中，该概念本身可以用非规范性术语来理解。我认为，这样做可以让我们统一认识理性和实践理性，以一种公正的方式，即理性地去做的事情部分取决于相信什么是理性的。并以一种避免解释循环的方式这样做。