苦杏仁苷：对其特性、抗氧化潜力、胃肠道微生物群干预、抗癌治疗和机制、毒性和封装的综述,Biomolecules

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苦杏仁苷：对其特性、抗氧化潜力、胃肠道微生物群干预、抗癌治疗和机制、毒性和封装的综述
Biomolecules ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-19 , DOI: 10.3390/biom12101514
Hassan Barakat _{1,

2} , Thamer Aljutaily ₁ , Mona S Almujaydil ₁ , Reham M Algheshairy ₁ , Raghad M Alhomaid ₁ , Abdulkarim S Almutairi ₁ , Saleh I Alshimali ₁ , Ahmed A H Abdellatif _{3,

4}

Affiliation

苦杏仁中含有高浓度的具有生物活性的苦杏仁苷，已被公认为生氰苷类化学有机物的标志，最初是在水解成氰化氢 (HCN) 后开发用于治疗癌症的药物。遗憾的是，研究表明，HCN 也能破坏正常细胞，使其对人体无毒。围绕体内和体外研究的极端争议使其使用具有风险。这篇综述提供了关于苦杏仁苷的特性、抗氧化潜力、胃肠道微生物群干预、抗癌治疗、机制、毒性和封装的广泛更新。抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗纤维化、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗炎、免疫调节和镇痛特性，改善消化和生殖系统、神经退化和心脏肥大的能力只是苦杏仁苷的一些好处。研究证实，HCN 产生的苦杏仁甙口服有害，但只有在非常高的剂量下才会有害。虽然静脉治疗不如口服有效，但口服途径的剂量范围为每天 0.6 至 1 克。苦杏仁苷的毒性在很大程度上取决于消化道中细菌的种类。不幸的是，目前没有万无一失的方法来确定微生物群落并为每位患者提供安全的口服剂量。海藻酸盐-壳聚糖纳米颗粒 (ACNPs) 中的苦杏仁苷包封是一个相对较新的研究领域。苦杏仁苷对恶性细胞具有增强的细胞毒作用，ACNPs 可用作活性药物输送系统，以有规律、持续的方式释放这种化合物，而不会对健康细胞或组织造成任何伤害。总之，由于未经证实和相互矛盾的数据，对可能成为癌症治疗下一步的物质进行了大量研究。

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Amygdalin: A Review on its Characteristics, Antioxidant Potential, Gastrointestinal Microbiota Intervention, Anticancer Therapeutic and Mechanisms, Toxicity, and Encapsulation

Bioactive amygdalin, found in high concentrations in bitter almonds, has been recognized as a symbol of the cyanogenic glycoside chemical organic substance, which was initially developed as a pharmaceutical for treating cancer after being hydrolyzed to hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Regrettably, research has shown that HCN can also damage normal cells, rendering it non-toxic to the human body. Extreme controversy surrounds both in vivo and in vitro studies, making its use risky. This review provides an extensive update on characteristics, antioxidant potential, gastrointestinal microbiota intervention, anticancer therapeutic, mechanisms, toxicity, and encapsulation of amygdalin. Antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-fibrotic, antiatherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and analgesic characteristics, and the ability to improve digestive and reproductive systems, neurodegeneration, and cardiac hypertrophy are just some of the benefits of amygdalin. Studies verified the HCN-produced amygdalin to be harmful orally, but only at very high doses. Although intravenous treatment was less effective than the oral method, the oral route has a dose range of 0.6 to 1 g daily. Amygdalin’s toxicity depends heavily on the variety of bacteria in the digestive tract. Unfortunately, there is currently no foolproof method for determining the microbial consortium and providing a safe oral dosage for every patient. Amygdalin encapsulation in alginate-chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) is a relatively new area of research. Amygdalin has an enhanced cytotoxic effect on malignant cells, and ACNPs can be employed as an active drug-delivery system to release this compound in a regulated, sustained manner without causing any harm to healthy cells or tissues. In conclusion, a large area of research for a substance that might be the next step in cancer therapy is opened up due to unverified and conflicting data.

更新日期：2022-10-19

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