可穿戴设备和生物电子学依靠具有生物亲和性、生物相容性和智能功能的透气接口设备来实现生物、事物与周围环境之间的交互。弹性纤维/织物对各种变形和复杂基质具有机械适应性,有望在构建人体、皮肤、器官和植物的生物界面中充当填充剂、载体、基质、敷料和支架,实现以下功能:能量交换、传感、感知、增强虚拟、健康监测、疾病诊断和干预治疗。本文总结并重点介绍了用于可穿戴设备和生物电子学的弹性纤维/织物的最新突破,旨在深入了解弹性纤维/织物的弹性机制、生产方法以及电气元件与纤维/织物的集成策略,展示用于能源管理的弹性纤维/织物的概况、传感器、电子皮肤、热管理、个人防护、伤口愈合、生物传感和药物输送。弹性纤维/织物从可穿戴设备到生物医学的跨学科应用,为技术移植和功能集成以适应不同的应用系统提供了重要启发。作为一个讨论平台,这里提出了该领域的主要挑战和可能的解决方案,希望能够为促进弹性电子纺织品的发展提供指导,考虑到机械/电气性能、工业规模生产、多样化之间的权衡。环境适应性、多场景现场应用。
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Elastic Fibers/Fabrics for Wearables and Bioelectronics
Wearables and bioelectronics rely on breathable interface devices with bioaffinity, biocompatibility, and smart functionality for interactions between beings and things and the surrounding environment. Elastic fibers/fabrics with mechanical adaptivity to various deformations and complex substrates, are promising to act as fillers, carriers, substrates, dressings, and scaffolds in the construction of biointerfaces for the human body, skins, organs, and plants, realizing functions such as energy exchange, sensing, perception, augmented virtuality, health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and intervention therapy. This review summarizes and highlights the latest breakthroughs of elastic fibers/fabrics for wearables and bioelectronics, aiming to offer insights into elasticity mechanisms, production methods, and electrical components integration strategies with fibers/fabrics, presenting a profile of elastic fibers/fabrics for energy management, sensors, e-skins, thermal management, personal protection, wound healing, biosensing, and drug delivery. The trans-disciplinary application of elastic fibers/fabrics from wearables to biomedicine provides important inspiration for technology transplantation and function integration to adapt different application systems. As a discussion platform, here the main challenges and possible solutions in the field are proposed, hopefully can provide guidance for promoting the development of elastic e-textiles in consideration of the trade-off between mechanical/electrical performance, industrial-scale production, diverse environmental adaptivity, and multiscenario on-spot applications.