Polar vortices that share many similarities are found in Earth's stratosphere and the atmospheres of Mars and Saturn's moon Titan. These vortices all occur in the winter, and are characterized by high potential vorticity (PV) in polar regions, steep meridional PV gradients and peak zonal winds in middle latitudes, and a cold pole. There are, however, differences in the daily and subseasonal variability, zonal asymmetries, and PV structure among the vortices. These differences are related to differences in the disruption of polar vortices by Rossby waves, the poleward extent of the mean meridional circulation, and condensation of major gases. There are also differences in the transport of gases and particles among the vortices. The range of polar vortex characteristics is likely much larger for terrestrial exoplanets, which include planets with, for example, a wider range of obliquities.

中文翻译：

---

地球、火星和土卫六上极地涡旋的流体动力学


在地球的平流层以及火星和土星的卫星泰坦的大气层中发现了许多相似之处的极地漩涡。这些涡旋都发生在冬季，其特征是极地地区的高电位涡度 （PV）、中纬度地区陡峭的经向 PV 梯度和峰值纬向风以及冷极。然而，涡旋之间的日变率和次季变率、纬向不对称和 PV 结构存在差异。这些差异与罗斯比波对极地涡旋的破坏、平均经向环流的极地范围以及主要气体凝结的差异有关。气体和颗粒在涡流之间的传输也存在差异。对于类地系外行星来说，极地涡旋特征的范围可能要大得多，例如，包括倾斜范围更广的行星。