ABSTRACT

This paper is a cross-comparative examination of how tropical forested islands were populated by humans. It first describes the unique ecological conditions of these environments, how they fluctuated during glacial cycles, and the challenges and affordances they provided people. The paper then explores the global archaeological record, classifying modes of colonisation that led insular tropical forests to be populated. These modes include terrestrial colonisation followed by insularisation (Mode A), maritime colonisation followed by major landmass reconfiguration (Mode B), maritime colonisation of uninhabited islands that always remained insular (Mode C), and maritime colonisation of already inhabited islands (Mode D). Finally, the paper discusses how, amongst Homo sapiens, ongoing dynamism between human adaptive behaviours and environmental flux stimulated processes of diversification, specialisation, and connectivity in these crucial ecologies; by contrast, archaic hominins like Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, and Homo luzonensis may have found changes associated with forest expansion and insularity extremely challenging.

摘要

这篇论文是对热带森林岛屿如何被人类居住的交叉比较研究。它首先描述了这些环境的独特生态条件，它们在冰川周期中如何波动，以及它们为人们提供的挑战和启示。然后，该论文探讨了全球考古记录，对导致岛屿热带森林定居的殖民模式进行了分类。这些模式包括陆地殖民化之后的岛屿化（模式 A）、海上殖民化之后的主要陆地重新配置（模式 B）、始终保持孤立状态的无人居住岛屿的海上殖民化（模式 C）以及已经有人居住的岛屿的海上殖民化（模式 D） . 最后，本文讨论了智人之间如何，人类适应行为和环境变化之间的持续动态刺激了这些重要生态系统的多样化、专业化和连通性过程；相比之下，像直立人、弗洛勒斯人和吕宋人这样的古人类可能已经发现与森林扩张和岛屿化相关的变化极具挑战性。