Abstract

Nanofibers have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties such as high specific surface area, high aspect ratio, and spatial interconnectivity. Nanofibers can exhibit multifunctional properties and unique opportunities for promising applications in a wide variety of fields. Hierarchical design strategies are being used to prescribe the internal structure of nanofibers, such as core-sheath, concentric layers, particles distributed randomly or on a lattice, and co-continuous network phases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of design strategies being used to produce the next generation of nanofiber systems. It includes a description of nanofiber processing methods and their effects on the nano- and microstructure. Physico-chemical effects, such as self-assembly and phase separation, on the ultimate morphology of fibers made from designed emulsions, polymer blends, and block copolymers, are then described. This review concludes with perspectives on existing challenges and future directions for hierarchical design strategies to produce internally structured nanofibers.

摘要

纳米纤维因其独特的性能（例如高比表面积、高长径比和空间互连性）而引起了人们的极大兴趣。纳米纤维可以表现出多功能特性和独特的机会，在各个领域都有广阔的应用前景。分层设计策略被用来规定纳米纤维的内部结构，例如芯鞘、同心层、随机分布或晶格分布的颗粒以及共连续网络相。本综述全面概述了用于生产下一代纳米纤维系统的设计策略。它包括纳米纤维加工方法及其对纳米和微观结构的影响的描述。物理化学效应，例如自组装和相分离，然后描述了由设计的乳液、聚合物共混物和嵌段共聚物制成的纤维的最终形态。本综述最后对生产内部结构纳米纤维的分层设计策略的现有挑战和未来方向进行了展望。