Polyoxometalate(POMs) is an oligomeric cluster of transition metal oxoanions that has a well-defined infrastructure with a wide range of sizes, metal–oxygen frameworks, chemical compositions, and unparalleled properties. In the fields of catalysis, materials chemistry, and biochemistry, they are among the most attractive and fastest growing areas of research. Moreover, some POMs and their derivatives are capable of exhibiting antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and anticancer properties, in addition to their many valuable properties. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of some of these agents in the treatment of symptoms associated with diabetes. Because of these properties, POMs have always been of interest to researchers. In this review, an overview of the biomedical applications of POMs, including their role in pharmaceuticals, is provided based on various scientific publications.