With the development of society, industry, agriculture, and other production activities are changing with each passing day. The primary mode of transportation in international trade is by ship. Due to the complex environment and biodiversity of the sea, ship surfaces are often corroded due to microorganisms, algae, shellfish, and other factors. The hydraulic conditions during the operation of the ship are also affected, increasing energy consumption. Thus, ships need to stop regularly for surface cleaning to prevent greater losses, but there are economic losses and human and material resource consumption that occur during these shutdown periods. To better solve the problem of corrosion, ship surfaces can be treated by antifouling coatings. This review discusses current popular and new marine antifouling coatings from the aspects of biofouling: microbial biofouling, conditioned film biofouling, algae attachment biofouling, shellfish attachment biofouling, and marine environmental impacts. This review also discusses the characteristics, formation mechanisms, and preparation processes of nanocomposite coatings, amphiphilic antifouling coatings, photocatalytic coatings, self-healing antifouling coatings, and self-polishing coatings. The new marine antifouling coatings are compared with traditional coatings in terms of hydraulic properties, such as water contact angle and antifouling performance.

随着社会的发展，工业、农业等生产活动日新月异。国际贸易的主要运输方式是轮船。由于海洋的复杂环境和生物多样性，船舶表面经常因微生物、藻类、贝类等因素而受到腐蚀。船舶运行过程中的水力条件也受到影响，增加了能源消耗。因此，船舶需要定期停靠进行表面清洁以防止更大的损失，但在这些停机期间会发生经济损失和人力物力消耗。为更好地解决腐蚀问题，可以对船舶表面进行防污涂料处理。本综述从生物污损方面讨论了当前流行和新型的海洋防污涂料：微生物生物污染、调节膜生物污染、藻类附着生物污染、贝类附着生物污染和海洋环境影响。本文还讨论了纳米复合涂层、两亲性防污涂层、光催化涂层、自修复防污涂层和自抛光涂层的特性、形成机制和制备工艺。将新型船用防污涂料与传统涂料在水接触角和防污性能等水力性能方面进行了比较。光催化涂料、自修复防污涂料和自抛光涂料。将新型船用防污涂料与传统涂料在水接触角和防污性能等水力性能方面进行了比较。光催化涂料、自修复防污涂料和自抛光涂料。将新型船用防污涂料与传统涂料在水接触角和防污性能等水力性能方面进行了比较。