Phenothiazines are molecules with great practical potential which have not yet been fully explored. This review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis of 3,7-disubstituted phenothiazine derivatives, namely synthetic Methylene Blue analogues, and in their applications until mid–2022. The main methods for obtaining synthetic Methylene Blue analogues were generalized and analyzed, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages. The main application of the obtained compounds with unique photophysical, electrochemical, and biological properties was also briefly described. Hopefully, this literature study will help scientists in the rational design of new dye molecules in consideration with the described synthetic correlations and their practical application.

吩噻嗪是具有巨大实用潜力但尚未被充分探索的分子。本综述总结了 3,7-二取代吩噻嗪衍生物（即合成亚甲蓝类似物）的合成及其应用的最新进展，直至 2022 年年中。概括分析了获得合成亚甲蓝类似物的主要方法，同时考虑了它们的优缺点。还简要介绍了所获得的具有独特光物理、电化学和生物学特性的化合物的主要应用。希望这项文献研究能够帮助科学家在考虑所描述的合成相关性及其实际应用的情况下合理设计新的染料分子。